Coauthored Publications with: Makhlouf

Book Chapter

Ludovico-Marques, M, Chastre C.  2016.  Effect of Artificial Accelerated Salt Weathering on Physical and Mechanical Behavior of Sandstone Samples from Surface Reservoirs. Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis With Case Studies from the Oil and Gas Industry. (Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf, Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, Eds.).:215-233.: Butterworth Heinemann - Elsevier Abstract

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Ludovico-Marques, M, Chastre C.  2018.  Consolidation works on sandstone monuments: A new approach. Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis: With Case Studies from the Construction Industries. (Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf, Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, Eds.).:235-254.: Butterworth-Heinemann Abstract

Abstract Sandstones are widely used in the building elements of the world’s stone monuments. Alveolization due to salt crystallization-dissolution is the most important degradation pattern found on the Middle Ages’ sandstone façades of St. Leonardo’s Church in Portugal. An outstanding case of widespread distribution of deep and large alveolization patterns found mainly on portals and vaults of its sandstone façades appeared as a result of the past and present proximity of the seashore. On stonewall façades, a new approach of consolidating products’ treatments using the total head was followed in order to allow full absorption of stone. Physical and mechanical tests were carried out on selected representative specimens of varieties of sandstones on the monument. Treatments with ethyl silicates were assessed by means of its effectiveness, harmfulness, and durability. The comparison of results between the application of this new procedure on this stone monument and the traditional intervention treatments highlighted the potential viability of the former to overcome difficult conditions of absorption of consolidating products.
Chastre, C, Ludovico-Marques M.  2018.  Nondestructive testing methodology to assess the conservation of historic stone buildings and monuments. Handbook of Materials Failure Analysis: With Case Studies from the Construction Industries. (Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf, Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, Eds.).:255-294.: Butterworth-Heinemann Abstract

Earthquakes, soil settlements, traffic vibrations, and air pollution are some of the actions that can affect historic old buildings. Besides these, the lack of continuous maintenance puts a large part of this heritage in risk due to structural problems that reduce their own safety and that of their users. The preservation and risk mitigation of built cultural heritage require the use of reliable tools in order to assess its state of conservation and to identify and prevent potential vulnerabilities. Having this in mind, it is not possible to carry out destructive tests in most historic old buildings, so it is preferable to opt for nondestructive tests (NDT) or alternative methodologies that allow the physical and mechanical characterization of materials and structure. In this chapter, a general view of NDT methods used in historic buildings to obtain the geometrical information, the damage mapping, the mechanical and physical characterization, and the petrographic analysis of stones is presented. An alternative methodology to physically and mechanically characterize the stone of historic buildings using NDT tests is also proposed. The chapter ends with a case study carried out in the St. Leonard’s Church, a Portuguese monument built in Atouguia da Baleia village in the 13th century, where the alternative methodology here presented was applied. The final results of this study show that the methodology proposed allows the obtention of stress-strain curves in a completely nondestructive way, based on the water absorption coefficient at low pressure.