Transparent electronics is emerging as one of the most promising technologies for the next generation of electronic products, away from the traditional silicon technology. It is essential for touch display panels, solar cells, LEDs and antistatic coatings. The book describes the concept of transparent electronics, passive and active oxide semiconductors, multicomponent dielectrics and their importance for a new era of novel electronic materials and products. This is followed by a short history of transistors, and how oxides have revolutionized this field. It concludes with a glance at low-cost, disposable and lightweight devices for the next generation of ergonomic and functional discrete devices. Chapters cover: Properties and applications of n-type oxide semiconductors P-type conductors and semiconductors, including copper oxide and tin monoxide Low-temperature processed dielectrics n and p-type thin film transistors (TFTs) - structure, physics and brief history Paper electronics - Paper transistors, paper memories and paper batteries Applications of oxide TFTs - transparent circuits, active matrices for displays and biosensors Written by a team of renowned world experts, Transparent Oxide Electronics: From Materials to Devices gives an overview of the world of transparent electronics, and showcases groundbreaking work on paper transistors. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A facile, simple and environmentally friendly Fe3O4–cysteine MNP was synthesized without any additive or additional source of linkers. Fe3O4–cysteine MNPs were successfully used for the synthesis of b-amino carbonyl and hydroquinoline compounds, which were obtained in excellent yields via multicomponent reactions. Magnetic organocatalysts can be easily recovered by simple magnetic decantation and their catalytic activity remains unaltered after 9 consecutive cycles, making them environmen- tally friendly and widely applicable due to their efficiency, ease of handling, and cost effectiveness.

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Water adsorption dynamics on two TiO2 (1 1 0) rutile surfaces at room temperature has been investigated using the work function (WF) change as a function of time. The first surface was prepared in a standard way using sputtering/annealing cycles, whereas the second one was long term annealed at 620 K in moderate vacuum conditions (the residual gas pressure of about 1 × 10−7 mbar) and cleaned afterwards. The WF change show striking difference as compared to those obtained for highly reduced TiO2 (1 1 0) rutile or the (2 × 1) reconstructed surfaces. For the first kind of surface we show that the observed adsorption dynamics can be qualitatively explained by the present understanding of the water adsorption on non- reconstructed TiO2 (1 1 0) rutile surface according to which the bridging oxygen vacancies and Ti rows are the main adsorption sites. Although generally similar to the former results, water adsorption dynamics on the second kind of the surface has an additional feature that can be only explained by a new adsorption site, which we suggest to be due to (2 × 1) reconstructed regions coexisting with the non-reconstructed TiO2 (110)surface.

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Thin-films of copper oxide @Cu OA were sputtered from a metallic copper (Cu) target and studied as a function of oxygen partial pressure @O??A. A metallic Cu film with cubic structure obtained from 0{%} O?? has been transformed to cubic CuPO phase for the increase in O?? to 9{%} but then changed to monoclinic CuO phase (for O?? PS7). The variation in crystallite size (calculated from x-ray diffraction data) was further substantiated by the variation in grain size (surface microstruc- tures). The Cu O films produced with O?? ranging between 9{%} and 75{%} showed p-type behavior, which were successfully applied to produce thin-film transistors.

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High secondary emission yield (SEY), and the subse- quent build-up of a secondary electron cloud, may se- verely limit the stability of high-intensity particle beams inside particle accelerators. One of the best candidates of beam pipe coating for reduced SEY has been amorphous carbon (a-C) produced by direct current (D.C.) magne- tron sputtering. Here we used pulsed laser deposition (PLD), to prepare a-C films from a pure carbon target at substrate temperatures ranging from 300 K to 773 K. The ablating laser was a Nd:YAG system operating at 1064 nm wavelength. With increasing temperature the optical band gap dropped from about 2.1 eV to 1.0 eV. This trend indicates transition from predominantly a-C films to films with more graphitic content, which was also con- firmed by Raman measurements. SEY spectra were taken upto 1732 eV of primary electron energy. The maximum SEY value decreased from 1.9 in a-C films down to 1.4 in highly graphitic films deposited at higher temperatures

{{A series of cationic gold(I) alpha-diimine complexes of the type {[}(NHC)Au(alpha-diimine)]X or {[}(PPh(3))Au(alpha-diimine)]X, where NHC = IPr

Spreadsheetsarewidelyusedandstudiesshowthatmostoftheexisting ones contain non-trivial errors. To improve end-users productivity, recent research proposes the use of a model-driven engineering approach to spreadsheets. In this paper we conduct the first empirical study to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach. A set of spreadsheet end users worked with two different model-based spreadsheets. We present and analyze here the results achieved.

Spreadsheets are widely used, and studies have shown that most end-user spreadsheets contain non-trivial errors. To improve end-users productivity, recent research proposes the use of a model-driven engineering approach to spreadsheets. In this paper we conduct the first systematic empirical study to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of this approach. A set of spreadsheet end users worked with two different model-based spreadsheets, and we present and analyze here the results achieved.

Analysis of sequenced bacterial genomes revealed that the genomes encode more than 30% hypothetical and conserved hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Among proteins of unknown function that are conserved in anaerobes, some might be determinants of the anaerobic way of life. This study focuses on two divergent clusters specifically found in anaerobic microorganisms and mainly composed of genes encoding conserved hypothetical proteins. We show that the two gene clusters DVU2103-DVU2104-DVU2105 (orp2) and DVU2107-DVU2108-DVU2109 (orp1) form two divergent operons transcribed by the sigma(54)-RNA polymerase. We further demonstrate that the sigma(54)-dependent transcriptional regulator DVU2106, located between orp1 and orp2, collaborates with sigma(54)-RNA polymerase to orchestrate the simultaneous expression of the divergent orp operons. DVU2106, whose structural gene is transcribed by the sigma(70)-RNA polymerase, negatively retrocontrols its own expression. By using an endogenous pulldown strategy, we identify a physiological complex composed of DVU2103, DVU2104, DVU2105, DVU2108, and DVU2109. Interestingly, inactivation of DVU2106, which is required for orp operon transcription, induces morphological defects that are likely linked to the absence of the ORP complex. A putative role of the ORP proteins in positioning the septum during cell division is discussed.

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The end-Triassic extinction event (ETE), considered one of the ‘Big Five’ mass extinctions, marks a dividing line between early Mesozoic vertebrate assemblages, typically including abundant temnospondyls, basal synapsids and basal archosaurs, and ‘typical’ Mesozoic faunas dominated by dinosaurs, pterosaurs, crocodylomorphs, turtles and mammaliaforms.
Recent geochemical work has provided strong evidence that the ETE is synchronous with, and likely caused by, the emplacement of the Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP).
However, stratigraphic sections containing both terrestrial vertebrates and CAMP basalts are scarce, complicating attempts to examine terrestrial faunal changes during this extinction event. The Triassic–Jurassic Algarve Basin, southern Portugal, is an extensional rift basin

to-marginal marine red beds (the ‘Grés de Silves’ Group) interbedded with CAMP basalts.

bonebed from the interval ‘AB1’ of the Grés de Silves. Preliminary excavations yielded at least nine well-preserved temnospondyl individuals represented by partial to nearly complete skulls and disarticulated postcranial elements of juvenile to adult ages. Nearly all material appears to represent a single species of metoposaurid referable to the genus Metoposaurus, well known from the late Carnian–early Norian of Germany and Poland. A number of characters of the occiput and mandible suggest that the Algarve material may represent a new species. This new material provides new data on the diversity and paleogeographical distribution of the metoposaurids, a highly autapomorphic and peculiar group composed of large aquatic carnivores with a unique elongated but brevirostral skull. This taxon also provides

Horizon may be within or close to the late Carnian–early Norian. Additional bone-bearing horizons within the ‘Grés de Silves’ provide a rare opportunity to examine terrestrial faunal change in the lead-up to the ETE.