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2016
Bahubalindruni, Pydi Ganga, Asal Kiazadeh, Allegra Sacchetti, Jorge Martins, Ana Rovisco, Vitor Grade Tavares, Rodrigo Martins, Elvira Fortunato, and Pedro Barquinha. "{Influence of Channel Length Scaling on InGaZnO TFTs Characteristics: Unity Current-Gain Cutoff Frequency, Intrinsic Voltage-Gain, and On-Resistance}." Journal of Display Technology. 12 (2016): 515-518. AbstractWebsite
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Panigrahi, Shrabani, Tomas Calmeiro, Rodrigo Martins, Daniela Nunes, and Elvira Fortunato. "{Observation of Space Charge Dynamics Inside an All Oxide Based Solar Cell}." ACS NANO. 10 (2016): 6139-6146. Abstract
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Barrocas, B., S. Sério, A. Rovisco, Y. Nunes, and Melo M. E. Jorge. "{Removal of rhodamine 6G dye contaminant by visible light driven immobilized Ca1⿿Ln MnO3 (Ln = Sm, Ho; 0.1 ⿤x⿤ 0.4) photocatalysts}." Applied Surface Science. 360 (2016): 798-806. AbstractWebsite

Visible-light-driven Ca1-xLnxMnO3 (Ln=Sm, Ho; 0.1≤x≤0.4) films were grown by RF- magnetron sputtering onto fused silica substrates. The effects of Ca2+ substitution for Ho3+ or Sm3+ in Ca1-xLnxMnO3 on the structural, morphological and photocatalytic properties for Rhodamine 6G dye degradation under visible light irradiation were investigated. XRD showed a pure typical perovskite phase for all the prepared films, except for Ca0.9Ho0.1MnO3 and a decrease of the crystallite size with the increase of the amount of ion substituted. SEM and AFM revealed that the films surface is dense, with low roughness. UV-vis spectroscopy indicated for the two series band gaps in the range of 1.6 - 2.8eV, being lower for the films containing holmium. The results showed that some Ca1-xHoxMnO3 and Ca1-xSmxMnO3 films present higher photocatalytic activity for Rh6G degradation in comparison with TiO2 films and for the same x value the Ho-films exhibited higher photocatalytic activity. For both films series the maximal degradation rate was obtained for x=0.2; above this content the degradation percentage exhibits a decreasing trend with the increase of Ho or Sm substitution, except for x=0.4 in the case of Ho system, which is observed again an increase in the degradation rate. The Rh6G photocatalytic degradation followed a pseudo first-order reaction kinetics. XRD and SEM of the used photocatalysts evidenced high photochemical stability.

Faustino, Pedro, Pedro Frade, and Carlos Chastre. "Lateral cyclic behaviour of RC columns confined with carbon fibres." Structures. 5 (2016): 196-206. AbstractWebsite

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns with various strengthening systems and different conditions were tested to cyclic lateral and axial loading for the purpose of performance assessment. Tests included confinement strengthening with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets, longitudinal strengthening with CFRP laminates and confining CFRP jacket, longitudinal strengthening with stainless steel bars and confining CFRP jacket, tested column until reinforcing steel failure, repair and CFRP confining jacket, and longitudinal strengthening with stainless steel bars. The analysis of the tests results as to load-displacement relationship and energy dissipation led to the conclusion that the use of external longitudinal strengthening with CFRP confinement is effective for performance retrofitting and upgrading, and viable in terms of execution. The load capacity increase due to strengthening reached 36–46% with good ductile behaviour. Nonlinear numerical modelling was carried out using two approaches which represent reasonably well the global performance of the studied columns for the prediction of the ascending load-displacement relationship and the peak load values in each cycle.

Nobrega, C. S., I. H. Saraiva, C. Carreira, B. Devreese, M. Matzapetakis, and S. R. Pauleta. "The solution structure of the soluble form of the lipid-modified azurin from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the electron donor of cytochrome c peroxidase." Biochim Biophys Acta. 1857 (2016): 169-76. AbstractWebsite

Neisseria gonorrhoeae colonizes the genitourinary track, and in these environments, especially in the female host, the bacteria are subjected to low levels of oxygen, and reactive oxygen and nitrosyl species. Here, the biochemical characterization of N. gonorrhoeae Laz is presented, as well as, the solution structure of its soluble domain determined by NMR. N. gonorrhoeae Laz is a type 1 copper protein of the azurin-family based on its spectroscopic properties and structure, with a redox potential of 277+/-5 mV, at pH7.0, that behaves as a monomer in solution. The globular Laz soluble domain adopts the Greek-key motif, with the copper center located at one end of the beta-barrel coordinated by Gly48, His49, Cys113, His118 and Met122, in a distorted trigonal geometry. The edge of the His118 imidazole ring is water exposed, in a surface that is proposed to be involved in the interaction with its redox partners. The heterologously expressed Laz was shown to be a competent electron donor to N. gonorrhoeae cytochrome c peroxidase. This is an evidence for its involvement in the mechanism of protection against hydrogen peroxide generated by neighboring lactobacilli in the host environment.

Brás, Joana L. A., Benedita A. Pinheiro, Kate Cameron, Fiona Cuskin, Aldino Viegas, Shabir Najmudin, Pedro Bule, Virginia M. R. Pires, Maria João Romão, Edward A. Bayer, Holly L. Spencer, Steven Smith, Harry J. Gilbert, Victor D. Alves, Ana Luísa Carvalho, and Carlos M. G. A. Fontes. "Diverse specificity of cellulosome attachment to the bacterial cell surface." Scientific Reports. 6 (2016): 38292. AbstractWebsite

During the course of evolution, the cellulosome, one of Nature's most intricate multi-enzyme complexes, has been continuously fine-tuned to efficiently deconstruct recalcitrant carbohydrates. To facilitate the uptake of released sugars, anaerobic bacteria use highly ordered protein-protein interactions to recruit these nanomachines to the cell surface. Dockerin modules located within a non-catalytic macromolecular scaffold, whose primary role is to assemble cellulosomal enzymatic subunits, bind cohesin modules of cell envelope proteins, thereby anchoring the cellulosome onto the bacterial cell. Here we have elucidated the unique molecular mechanisms used by anaerobic bacteria for cellulosome cellular attachment. The structure and biochemical analysis of five cohesin-dockerin complexes revealed that cell surface dockerins contain two cohesin-binding interfaces, which can present different or identical specificities. In contrast to the current static model, we propose that dockerins utilize multivalent modes of cohesin recognition to recruit cellulosomes to the cell surface, a mechanism that maximises substrate access while facilitating complex assembly.

Correia, Isabel, and Teresa Melo. "Multi-period capacitated facility location under delayed demand satisfaction." European Journal of Operational Research. 255 (2016): 729-746. AbstractWebsite
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Almeida, R. M., S. Dell'acqua, L. Krippahl, J. J. Moura, and S. R. Pauleta. "Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions Using BiGGER: Case Studies." Molecules. 21 (2016). AbstractWebsite

The importance of understanding interactomes makes preeminent the study of protein interactions and protein complexes. Traditionally, protein interactions have been elucidated by experimental methods or, with lower impact, by simulation with protein docking algorithms. This article describes features and applications of the BiGGER docking algorithm, which stands at the interface of these two approaches. BiGGER is a user-friendly docking algorithm that was specifically designed to incorporate experimental data at different stages of the simulation, to either guide the search for correct structures or help evaluate the results, in order to combine the reliability of hard data with the convenience of simulations. Herein, the applications of BiGGER are described by illustrative applications divided in three Case Studies: (Case Study A) in which no specific contact data is available; (Case Study B) when different experimental data (e.g., site-directed mutagenesis, properties of the complex, NMR chemical shift perturbation mapping, electron tunneling) on one of the partners is available; and (Case Study C) when experimental data are available for both interacting surfaces, which are used during the search and/or evaluation stage of the docking. This algorithm has been extensively used, evidencing its usefulness in a wide range of different biological research fields.

Guerra, M., C. Ferreira, M. L. Carvalho, J. P. Santos, and S. Pessanha. "Distribution of toxic elements in teeth treated with amalgam using μ-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 122 (2016): 114-117. AbstractWebsite

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 122 (2016) 114-117. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2016.06.006

Guimarães, D., A. A. Dias, M. Carvalho, M. L. Carvalho, J. P. Santos, F. R. Henriques, F. Curate, and S. Pessanha. "Quantitative determinations and imaging in different structures of buried human bones from the XVIII-XIXth centuries by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence – Postmortem evaluation." Talanta. 155 (2016): 107-115. AbstractWebsite

Talanta, 155 + (2016) 107-115. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.028

Cabanelas, P., J. Cruz, M. Fonseca, A. Henriques, F. Louren{\c c}o, H. Lu{\'ıs, J. Machado, Pires J. Ribeiro, A. M. Sánchez-Ben{\'ıtez, P. Teubig, P. Velho, M. Zarza-Moreno, D. Galaviz, and A. P. Jesus. "{Cross sections for proton induced high energy $\gamma$-ray emission (PIGE) in reaction F(p,$\gamma$)O at incident proton energies between 1.5 and 4 MeV}." Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B. 381 (2016): 110-113. AbstractWebsite
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Kiazadeh, Asal, Henrique L. Gomes, Pedro Barquinha, Jorge Martins, Ana Rovisco, Joana V. Pinto, Rodrigo Martins, and Elvira Fortunato. "{Improving positive and negative bias illumination stress stability in parylene passivated IGZO transistors}." Applied Physics Letters. 109 (2016): 051606. AbstractWebsite
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Lopes, A., A. Gabriel, J. Machado, P. Ribeiro, R. Gomes, Jo M. P. o Coelho, C. O. Silva, C. P. Reis, J. P. Santos, and P. Vieira. "Multiple Source Phototherapy in Breast Cancer: A Viability Study." 9th International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2016. 247-250. Abstract
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Neca, A. J., R. Soares, M. S. Carepo, and S. R. Pauleta. "Resonance assignment of DVU2108 that is part of the Orange Protein complex in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough." Biomol NMR Assign. 10 (2016): 117-20. AbstractWebsite

We report the 94 % assignment of DVU2108, a protein belonging to the Orange Protein family, that in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough forms a protein complex named the Orange Protein complex. This complex has been shown to be implicated in the cell division of this organism. DVU2108 is a conserved protein in anaerobic microorganisms and in Desulfovibrio gigas the homologous protein was isolated with a novel Mo-Cu cluster non-covalently attached to the polypeptide chain. However, the heterologously produced DVU2108 did not contain any bound metal. These assignments provide the means to characterize the interaction of DVU2108 with the proteins that form the Orange Protein complex using NMR methods.

Kardarian, Kasra, Daniela Nunes, Paolo {Maria Sberna}, Adam Ginsburg, David A. Keller, Joana {Vaz Pinto}, Jonas Deuermeier, Assaf Y. Anderson, Arie Zaban, Rodrigo Martins, and Elvira Fortunato. "{Effect of Mg doping on Cu2O thin films and their behavior on the TiO2/Cu2O heterojunction solar cells}." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 147 (2016): 27-36. AbstractWebsite

Abstract The present work shows the effect of magnesium doping on structural, optoelectrical and electrical properties of Cu2O thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. The variation in the concentration of Mg shows significant impact on the final thin film properties, whereas the film doped with 0.5 at{%} of Mg exhibited major property improvements in comparison with the undoped thin film and among the other concentrations tested. This condition was further applied for the deposition of an absorber layer in a heterojunction solar cell array with a gradient in thicknesses of active layers to investigate the impact of changing thicknesses on the PV parameters of the solar cell. TiO2 was used as a window layer and the 0.5 at{%} Cu2O doped film as an absorber layer. The produced heterojunction solar cell array was further exposed to a rapid thermal annealing treatment. The I–V measurements show an open circuit voltage of up to 365 mV and a short circuit current density, which is dependent on absorber layer thickness, and reaches to a maximum value of 0.9 mA/cm2.

Silva, Teresa, Francisco Costa, Judite Fernandes, Rogério Calvo, and Octávio Mateus The use of a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer in the reconstitution of dinosaur fossils. European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS), 2016. Abstract

Portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (p-XRF) have been used in many fields of application/studies like art, archaeology, heavy metals in soil, rocks and ores characterization, and have been a powerful tool for a rapid non-destructive in-situ analysis, without any sample preparation required. This approach was applied in the present case, to distinguish the origin of the fossil bones of two dinosaur specimens from different localities that were accidentally put together in the museum a few years ago. Fossil bones with sedimentary matrix associated were stored together until today in the collection of Geological Museum (Lisbon) and regarded as one single specimen. One set of bones is part of the holotype MG 5787 of the ankylosaur Dracopelta zbyszweskii, which was discovered at Praia do Sul, and described in 1980, while the other, is an undescribed half skeleton of dacentrurine stegosaur, unearthed in the 1960’s at Atouguia da Baleia, near Peniche (both in the coast of central Portugal, distanced about 100 km from each other). Since both specimens are highly valuable for paleontology, a study was developed with the aim of separating and reconstituting the two specimens. The handheld p-XRF (Genius 9000+7000 from Skyray Instrument) was directly used in the sedimentary matrix when it was separated from the bone, and the measure of the chemical content was performed in the intermediate layer between the surface and the bone, to avoid contaminations. Although the light elements could not be attained, because the analyzer is not equipped with the option of gas charging system, the spectra obtained showed differences mainly in the ratio K/Ca, allowing distinguishing the provenance of the bones (Atouguia or Praia do Sul). These results were compared with chemical analysis obtained with XRF laboratorial equipment and complemented by the mineralogical study through X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the sediments where the bones fossilized. The difference observed in the mineralogical constitution of the sedimentary matrix from the two localities (mainly quartz, calcite, feldspars and micas with variable content) explains the variation in the values found for the ratio K/Ca (<0.5 for Atouguia and >>1 for Praia do Sul). The data obtained will be presented and discussed focusing on the importance of using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer applied to the reconstitution of dinosaur fossils that proved to be very useful in the present case.

Biscaia, Hugo C., David Cruz, and Carlos Chastre. "Analysis of the debonding process of CFRP-to-timber interfaces." Construction and Building Materials. 113 (2016): 96-112. AbstractWebsite

The use of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) in the strengthening of timber structures is quite recent and few studies have discussed the debonding between these materials. The analysis of the Mode II debonding process between FRP composites and timber elements may be of great importance because this mode is predominant in the case, for instance, of the bending of beams. Knowing the appropriate bond-slip model to use on the estimation of the performance of FRP-to-timber interfaces is greatly relevant. Under such circumstances, a detailed knowledge of all the states that CFRP-to-timber interfaces are subjected to is important as well. The current work gives answers to these aspects proposing an analytical solution based on a tri-linear bond-slip model that is capable of describing precisely the full-range debonding behavior of FRP-to-timber interfaces. Thus, the purpose of this study is to contribute to existing knowledge with an analytical solution capable of describing the full-range debonding process between a FRP composite and a substrate. The analytical solutions herein proposed are also compared with the results obtained from several experiments based on single-lap shear tests. Comparisons at different load levels and different bonded lengths are presented. The slips, strains in the CFRP composite and bond stress distributions within the bonded interface are emphasized in the text. The complete load-slip response of CFRP-to-timber interface is also analyzed. Each state of the debonding process is described and each one is identified in the load-slip curve.

Bombonatti, Denise, Catarina Gralha, Ana Moreira, João Araújo, and Miguel Goulão. "Usability of Requirements Techniques: A Systematic Literature Review." The 31st ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing. Pisa, Italy: ACM/SIGAPP, 2016. Abstract

The usability of requirements engineering (RE) techniques has been recognised as a key factor for their successful adoption by industry. RE techniques must be accessible to stakeholders with different backgrounds, so they can be empowered to effectively and efficiently contribute to building successful systems. When selecting an appropriate requirements engineering technique for a given context, one should consider the usability supported by each of the candidate techniques. The first step towards achieving this goal is to gather the best evidence available on the usability of RE approaches by performing a systematic literature review, to answer one research question: How is the usability of requirements engineering techniques and tools addressed? We systematically review articles published in the Requirements Engineering Journal, one of the main sources for mature work in RE, to motivate a research roadmap to make RE approaches more accessible to stakeholders with different backgrounds.

Chastre, Carlos, Hugo Biscaia, António Monteiro, and Noel Franco. "Análise experimental de vigas de betão armado reforçadas à flexão com compósitos de FRP." TEST&E 2016 - 1º Congresso de Ensaios e Experimentação em Engenharia Civil. IST, Lisbon, Portugal 2016. 8. Abstractteste2016_-_01066_-_chastre.pdf

O reforço das estruturas de betão armado com compósitos de FRP tem tido um incremento considerável nos últimos anos devido às características de durabilidade e das elevadas relações resistência-peso e rigidez-peso dos compósitos de FRP comparativamente com outros materiais de reforço. A fim de analisar o comportamento de diferentes soluções de reforço estrutural de vigas de betão armado (BA) com compósitos de FRP foi realizado um programa experimental que incluiu o ensaio de vigas de BA reforçadas com as seguintes técnicas de reforço: EBR (Externally-Bonded Reinforcement), NSM (Near Surface Mounted) e pela técnica CREatE (continuous reinforcement embedded at ends). As vigas de BA ensaiadas tinham seção em T, com um vão de 3,0 m e uma altura de 0,3 m e foram solicitadas em flexão em 4 pontos e testadas até a rotura. A técnica CREatE provou ser a mais eficaz das três alternativas testadas mobilizando a totalidade do CFRP e apresentando a maior capacidade resistente e a ductilidade mais elevada.

Franco, Noel, Carlos Chastre, and Hugo Biscaia. "Análise experimental do comportamento à flexão de vigas de betão armado reforçadas com armaduras pós-instaladas de aço inoxidável." TEST&E 2016 - 1º Congresso de Ensaios e Experimentação em Engenharia Civil. IST, Lisbon, Portugal 2016. 8. Abstractteste2016_-_01067_-_noel.pdf

A procura de soluções de reforço mais eficientes que permitam aumentar a capacidade resistente de elementos estruturais sujeitos a flexão levou ao desenvolvimento de um sistema inovador de aplicação de armaduras de reforço coladas pelo exterior. Neste artigo descrevem-se os ensaios experimentais realizados e analisam-se os resultados obtidos com vigas de betão armado reforçadas com armaduras pós-instaladas de aço inoxidável com diferentes técnicas: Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR), Near Surface Mounted (NSM) e com o novo sistema de reforço desenvolvido - Continuous Reinforcement Embedded at Ends (CREatE). As vigas ensaiadas monotonicamente até à rotura em flexão de quatro pontos têm seção transversal em T e um vão livre de três metros. No novo sistema de reforço as armaduras são ancoradas por aderência no interior do elemento estrutural, o que associado à utilização de armaduras em aço inoxidável, possibilita aumentos de resistência e ductilidade consideráveis face às técnicas tradicionais de colagem pelo exterior.

Biscaia, Hugo, Carlos Chastre, David Cruz, Noel Franco, and Ricardo Nunes. "Avaliação experimental de diferentes ligações coladas." TEST&E 2016 - 1º Congresso de Ensaios e Experimentação em Engenharia Civil. IST, Lisbon, Portugal 2016. 8. Abstractteste2016_-_01050_-_biscaia.pdf

A utilização de materiais compósitos de matriz polimérica (Fiber Reinforced Polymers - FRP) como armadura de reforço de diferentes elementos estruturas de várias naturezas (e.g. betão armado, aço, madeira ou alvenaria) tem vindo a suscitar o interesse da comunidade científica internacional. Inicialmente, a simples colagem pelo exterior dos compósitos de FRP aos elementos estruturais permitiu identificar um fenómeno de descolamento prematuro do compósito para níveis de extensão muito aquém dos seus limites de rotura. Com base na experimentação, algumas teorias têm surgido no sentido de explicar o fenómeno do descolamento prematuro dos FRPs. Por outro lado, outras técnicas de reforço têm sido propostas com o objetivo de adiar ou simplesmente eliminar esse fenómeno. Neste trabalho, são analisadas diferentes ligações coladas entre laminados de CFRP e outros materiais tais como, o betão armado, o aço e a madeira. Duas técnicas de reforço por colagem vulgarmente citadas na literatura internacional foram utilizadas: Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) e Near Surface Mounted (NSM). Os resultados experimentais permitiram constatar que o desempenho local das ligações estudadas é distinto, tendo-se observado que as relações entre a tensão de aderência e o deslocamento relativo entre superfícies é: (i) na ligação CFRP/betão do tipo não linear e caracteriza-se por, após atingir-se uma tensão de aderência máxima, o descolamento ocorre quando a tensão de aderência tende para zero; (ii) na ligação CFRP/aço o desempenho é do tipo bi-linear, i.e. com um troço inicial retilíneo até atingir-se uma tensão de pico seguindo-se um troço linear descendente até tensão de aderência nula; e (iii) na ligação CFRP/madeira o desempenho é do tipo tri-linear, i.e. similar à ligação CFRP/aço mas com um troço constante a seguir ao troço linear descendente e que se esgota para um deslocamento relativo último.

Biscaia, Hugo, Carlos Chastre, David Cruz, Noel Franco, and Ricardo Nunes. "Reforço à flexão de pavimentos antigos de madeira com recurso a laminados de fibras de carbono." TEST&E 2016 - 1º Congresso de Ensaios e Experimentação em Engenharia Civil. IST, Lisbon, Portugal 2016. 8. Abstractteste2016_-_01049_-_biscaia.pdf

O dimensionamento de vigas de madeira aos Estados Limites de Utilização (ELUt) tem limites muito apertados tanto para ações de curto prazo como para ações de longo prazo. Uma solução eficiente para este problema passa por aumentar as seções transversais das vigas. Porém, este tipo de solução não só acarreta um aumento de custos como também altera profundamente arquitetura original do edifício abrindo, por conseguinte, uma oportunidade para encontrar outras soluções mais eficientes. Neste sentido, o uso de armaduras de reforço em vigas de madeira pode ser considerado como uma solução promissora uma vez que as estruturas, novas ou velhas, manteriam o aspeto estético original sem introduzir nos elementos reforçados, um aumento significativo do seu peso próprio, melhorando o seu desempenho face a ações de curto e longo prazo. O presente estudo é dedicado à análise de vigas de madeira antigas reforçadas à flexão com materiais compósitos de fibras de carbono, vulgarmente designados na literatura internacional por Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP). Neste trabalho, foram reforçados e ensaiados à flexão pavimentos antigos de madeira tendo-se analisado os respetivos desempenhos aquando da utilização de uma técnica de reforço por colagem tradicional (Externally Bonded Reinforcement - EBR) e aquando da utilização de uma técnica de reforço por colagem inovadora (Continous Reinforcement Embedded at Ends - CREatE). Os ensaios experimentais permitiram verificar que a técnica de colagem inovadora CREatE confere aos pavimentos de madeira uma maior rigidez e resistência face à técnica tradicional conseguindo se mobilizar a totalidade do compósito de CFRP.

Couto, Marco, Jácome Cunha, João Paulo Fernandes, Rui Pereira, and João Alexandre Saraiva. "Static Energy Consumption Analysis in Variability Systems." 2nd Green in Software Engineering Workshop (GInSEng’16), an event of the 4th International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S). Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2016. Abstractginseng_2016_paper_1-2.pdf

Energy consumption is becoming an evident concern to software developers. This is even more notorious due to the propagation of mobile devices. Such propagation of devices is also influencing software development: a software system is now developed has a set of similar products sharing common features.
In this short paper, we describe our methodology aim at static and accurately predict the energy consumption of software products in such variability systems, typically called software product lines.

Franco, Noel, Carlos Chastre, and Hugo Biscaia. "Novo sistema de reforço à flexão de vigas de betão armado com armaduras de aço inoxidável aplicadas pelo exterior." II Encontro Luso-Brasileiro de Degradação de Estruturas de Betão. LNEC, Lisbon, Portugal 2016. 12p. Abstractdegrada_2016_-_noel_franco_-_ext-abstract.pdf

O reforço à flexão de vigas de betão armado tem apresentado uma evolução com tendência para soluções onde são utilizadas armaduras à base de materiais compósitos de fibras de Carbono, Vidro, Basalto ou Aramida, aplicadas com as técnicas Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) ou Near Surface Mounted (NSM). No entanto, o comportamento elástico-linear destes materiais e as roturas tendencialmente frágeis das soluções condicionam a sua utilização em estruturas onde se pretende alguma ductilidade. Por conseguinte, procurou-se desenvolver um sistema de reforço estrutural alternativo e inovador em que os materiais de reforço aplicados, conjuntamente com a solução de reforço, conseguissem minimizar ou eliminar os riscos de roturas prematuras e ao mesmo tempo aumentassem a ductilidade dos elementos reforçados. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se em pormenor este novo sistema de reforço à flexão de vigas de betão armado com armaduras de aço inoxidável ancoradas internamente por aderência. Neste sistema de reforço as armaduras são contínuas e pós-instaladas pelo exterior, ficando as extremidades ancoradas por aderência no interior do elemento estrutural. Apresentam-se e discutem-se os resultados dos ensaios realizados para avaliar o desempenho das vigas de betão armado reforçadas com esta nova técnica. Os modos de rotura observados são também motivo de análise mais detalhada. Evidenciam-se alguns benefícios na utilização deste sistema de reforço inovador, nomeadamente ao nível da capacidade resistente última das vigas de betão armado e fazem-se algumas recomendações para a sua aplicação e utilização na reabilitação de elementos estruturais degradados.

Chastre, Carlos, António Monteiro, Hugo Biscaia, and Noel Franco. "Novo sistema de reforço estrutural de vigas de betão armado com compósitos de FRP ancorados internamente por aderência." II Encontro Luso-Brasileiro de Degradação de Estruturas de Betão. LNEC, Lisbon, Portugal 2016. 12p. Abstractdegrada_2016_-_carlos_chastre_-_ext-abstract.pdf

A reabilitação de estruturas de betão armado com compósitos de FRP tem tido uma grande aceitação em especial devido às excelentes características de durabilidade dos materiais compósitos, ao seu baixo peso e às suas elevadas prestações mecânicas. Contudo, o comportamento elástico-linear dos compósitos de FRP e a sua forma de aplicação pode originar roturas prematuras, quer na técnica de reforço EBR (Externally Bonded Reinforcement), em que o compósito é colado externamente, quer na técnica NSM (Near Surface Mounted) em que o compósito é inserido na zona do recobrimento. No sentido de minimizar o risco de roturas prematuras e ao mesmo tempo aumentar a ductilidade dos elementos reforçados, desenvolveu-se um novo sistema de reforço estrutural em que as armaduras são ancoradas internamente por aderência. A fim de validar o novo sistema de reforço estrutural com compósitos de FRP foi realizado um programa experimental que incluiu o ensaio de vigas de betão armado (BA) reforçadas com as seguintes técnicas de reforço: EBR, NSM e pela nova técnica CREatE (continuous reinforcement embedded at ends). Neste artigo descrevem-se os ensaios experimentais realizados e analisam-se os resultados obtidos. As vigas de BA ensaiadas tinham seção em T, com um vão de 3,0 m e uma altura de 0,3 m e foram solicitadas em flexão em 4 pontos e testadas até a rotura. A técnica CREatE provou ser a mais eficaz das três alternativas testadas mobilizando a totalidade do CFRP e apresentando a maior capacidade resistente e a ductilidade mais elevada.