Although the Portuguese industry is often considered semi-peripheral within the European context. This classification stems from Portugal's position in the global and European economic systems. However, the Portuguese automotive industry is a significant sector within the European automotive landscape. Portugal’s industrial sector is heavily integrated into European supply chains, particularly in industries like automotive, textiles, and electronics. However, it often relies on core European countries (e.g., Germany, France) for advanced technology, capital, and market access. This is also the case for the Portuguese automotive.

Allosaurus is one of the most famous theropod dinosaurs, but the validity and relationships between the different species have been confusing and often questioned. Portugal is relevant to the understanding of the genus in light of the discovery of A. europaeus ML415 from the Early Tithonian of Lourinhã and Allosaurus MNHNUL/AND.001 from Andrés. However, the exact classification and validity of these two specimens has always been controversial. The presence of Allosaurus in Portugal is strong evidence for a North America–Europe Late Jurassic dispersal, later supported by other taxa. A detailed cranial description and specimen-based phylogeny were performed and resolved many of the open questions: (1) The diversity of Allosaurus is limited to three named species: A. fragilis, A. europaeus, and A. jimmadseni. (2) Nine autapomorphies were found in A. europaeus, confirming the validity of the species. (3) Phylogenetic analyses place both Portuguese specimens in the genus Allosaurus, based on the following synapomorphies: jugal bone lateral view, relative heights of quadratojugal prongs, the dorsal prong is equal in height, the jugal bone in lateral view shows shallow accessory pneumatization of the antorbital fossa, the palatine pneumatic recess shape is small, and lacrimal horn morphology has a triangular horn. (4) The Andrés specimen is placed with the A. europaeus and they are considered here to be the same species, which is paleo-geographically and biochronologically congruent. (5) A. europaeus and A. jimmadseni are sister taxa and closer to each other than to A. fragilis. The genus is distributed in occurrences from the United States, Germany, and Portugal, and from the Late Kimmeridgian to the Late Tithonian, while the Cenomanian report from Japan is reidentified as Segnosaurus.

As mentioned in the introduction to this volume, artificial intelligence (AI) functionalities are swiftly becoming integral to knowledge work and digital services. They are, however, also applied in all areas of human work. That is making the public services in Portugal more accessible and efficient. Since mid-90s, with the national strategy towards the Information Society (Missão para a Sociedade da Informação), a wide program for the promotion and development of public digital services have started. In the last decades, and with the definition of this national strategy, successive governments and the national parliament have contributed to stimulate democratic participation, and support decision-making and policy development.

This chapter deals with the role of technology in industrial production. Hereby, the enabling character of technology will be strengthened from the perspective of Technology Assessment (TA) in various countries and epochs. Besides the remarkable evolution of technological progress in this sector, the interrelationship of technology with human labor, the creation of specific institutional settings as well as the innovation circles by capital investments must be considered when assessing industrial production. The argumentation line of the article is based on the hypothesis, that the increase of TA studies in the last three decades on industrial production indicates the societal problem orientation of these technological innovations and its impact on employment and job qualification. TA expertise raised awareness of the positive and negative impact of technologies in industry which brings together a variety of options for the decision makers. Furthermore, discourses on ethical values on the future of (industrial) work are highlighted by TA.

The introduction of exoskeletons by many companies has often resulted in potential users not wanting to wear them. Evaluations of the exoskeleton reveal benefits of use, including ergonomic advantages and a reduction of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. How can this contradiction be explained? By searching the available literature, we can identify the methods used to develop these devices and the methods employed to evaluate their acceptance and benefit. By looking at the product from different viewpoints and involving different disciplines, we will get to the root of this discrepancy. Our findings indicate that the product definition, development focus, and evaluation methods do not sufficiently and adequately address the primary goal of exoskeletons. The development of such devices should be prioritized not only for the delivery of support but also for the motivation of the user. Finally, we put forward the proposal to discuss the establishment of a novel development method for the prospective elaboration of exoskeletons.

The jigsaw-puzzle fit of South America and Africa is an icon of plate tectonics and continental drift. Fieldwork in Angola since 2002 allows the correlation of onshore outcrops and offshore geophysical and well-core data in the context of rift, sag, salt, and post-salt drift phases of the opening of the central South Atlantic. These outcrops, ranging in age from >130 Ma to <71 Ma, record Early Cretaceous outpouring of the Etendeka-Paraná Large Igneous Province (Bero Volcanic Complex) and rifting, followed by continental carbonate and siliciclastic deposition (Tumbalunda Formation) during the sagging of the nascent central South Atlantic basin. By the Aptian, evaporation of sea water resulted in thick salt deposits (Bambata Formation), terminated by sea floor spreading. The Equatorial Atlantic Gateway began opening by the early Late Cretaceous (100 Ma) and allowed flow of currents between the North and South Atlantic, creating environmental conditions that heralded the introduction of marine reptiles. These dramatic outcrops are a unique element of geoheritage because they arguably comprise the most complete terrestrially exposed geological record of the puzzle-like icon of continental drift.

In this paper, we present a theoretical study of the X-ray fluorescence emission after vacancy of K-shell due to electron impact ionization. In particular, we focus on the angular distributions of the characteristic Kα emission lines following this process. Rh was chosen for the analysis since it is a common element in X-ray tube anodes. In this analysis we also considered some elements along the period-4, i.e., Ni, Cu and Co as case-studies. In doing so, we studied the magnetic sub-level population of the ionized states, which is directly related to the angular distribution of the emission. A relative low angular distribution for the Kα emission of Rh of 0.5% was observed, which makes the assumption of isotropic emission correct for most studies. Moreover, a comparison with the respective angular emission for adjacent elements in the fourth period of the periodic table shows that this isotropy is attributed to a small total angular momentum of the resulting configurations after ionization, as well as to opposite angular distributions of the various transitions, which average to a maximum of 0.7% angular asymmetry in Ni.

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