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To achieve a certain degree of confidence that a given program follows its specification, a testing phase must be included in the program development process, and also a complementary debugging phase to help locating the program’s bugs. This paper presents an environment which results of the composition and integration of two basic tools: STEPS (Structural TEsting of Parallel Software), which is a testing tool, and DDBG (Distributed DeBuGger), which is a debugging tool. The two tools are presented individually as stand-alone tools, and we describe how they were combined through the use of another intermediate tool: DEIPA (Deterministic re-Execution and Interactive Program Analysis). We claim that the result achieved is a very effective testing and debugging environment.

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The use of ITO thin films on glass/ITO/p-i-n/metal amorphous silicon solar cells is reviewed. It is suggested a new application for silicon monoxide thin films on the ITO-p interface, as an intermediate layer, to minimize the ITO thin film deterioration process, during the early stage of exposure to a silane plasma rich in hydrogen. The thickness of the silicon monoxide thin films is chosen not to worsen the optical and electrical properties of the ITO thin films. The ITO-p interface is optimized (due to impurities diffusion decrease), leading to an overall improvement of the device performance.

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Owing to the existing or predictable water deficiencies in the South of Portugal, it is necessary to carry out the appropriate management of water resources, by reducing and/or minimizing the negative impacts of untreated/treated domestic effluents in the aquatic environment. As Portugal has a great diversity of ecoclimatic areas, five different stabilization pond systems were chosen to carry out a control study during one year (from March 1991 to March 1992). According to Pina Manique & Albuquerque the ecological classification of these stations is different, varying from Ibero-mediterranean (continental) up to mediterranean (maritime). The physical and chemical parameters studied were: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, BOD, COD, nitrates, nitrites, ammonia and total nitrogen, total suspended and volatile solids, total phosphorus and orthophosphates. The microbiological parameters studied were: total and faecal coliforms, faecal Streptococci, Clostridium perfringens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The correlations between climatic parameters and the efficiency of the removal of organic matter were analysed.

The analytical values obtained from five WSP systems located in different ecoclimatic zones in the centre and South of Portugal, were subjected to a statistical analysis of K and K20 values (as used in the van Hoff-Arrhenius equation) utilizing an analysis of variance and a vectorial analysis of principal components. Significant differences between K and K20 values in facultative, maturation ponds and in the whole system were verified. The projection of the first principal components of eigenvectors made possible the classification of the stations, showing the existence of similarities and discrepancies in their removal BOD kinetics behaviour. The K20 value must be estimated and taken into account for the design of waste stabilization ponds.

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Portugal has a great diversity of ecoclimatic areas and Sesimbra was chosen to carry out a study on WSP efficiencies over five years (1989 to 1993). According to Pina Manique & Albuquerque (1954), the climate is classified as Atlantic Mediterranean (AM). Some environmental and climatic parameters have been studied in order to define the area. The treatment system at Sesimbra has three ponds: anaerobic, facultative and maturation. The physical and chemical parameters studied in the WSP system were: Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Conductivity, BOD5, COD, nitrates, nitrites, ammonia and total nitrogen, total and volatile suspended solids, total phosphorus and orthophosphates. Algal populations and the following microbiological parameters were studied: total and fecal coliforms, fecal Streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some Enterobacteriaceae. The K and K20 kinetic parameters were studied and derived for the three ponds utilizing the seasonal regional characteristics from the surrounding area. These values were then correlated with temperature and the subsequent removal efficiencies for each pond deduced. The data obtained indicate a necessity to determine the seasonal fluctuations of the K and K20 kinetic parameters for the WSP systems.

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The reduction of the In2O3 caused by the deposition of μc-Si:C:H by means of plasma-enhanced CVD, is considerably diminished if a thin (50 Å) silicon monoxide layer is applied as a diffusion barrier. The amount of reduced indium diminishes by a factor three while the amount of silicon oxide is also less, although SiO was added on purpose. First results on an amorphous silicon In2O3/pi junction show that the SiO layer benefits the opto-electrical characteristics. © 1991.