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V., Raphaela, Carvalho H., and Cruz-Machado and V. "Strategic resilience development a study using delphy.", 45-57. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing., 2014. Abstract
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SG, Azevedo, Govindan K, Carvalho H, and Cruz-Machado V. "Ecosilient Index to assess the greenness and resilience of the upstream automotive supply chain." 56 (2013): 131-146. Abstract
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S, Azevedo, Carvalho H, and Cruz-Machado V. "Trade-offs among Lean, Agile, Resilient and Green Paradigms in Supply Chain Management: A Case Study Approach.", N/A. International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management 2013, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering., 2013. Abstract
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K., Govindan, Azevedo S. G., Carvalho H., and Cruz-Machado V. "Impact of supply chain management practices on sustainability." Journal of Cleaner Production 85 (2014): 212-225.
K., Chantarachalee, Carvalho, H., H., Cruz-Machado, and V. "Designing lean supply chains a case study.", 45-57. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing., 2014. Abstract
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H., Carvalho, Azevedo S. G., and Cruz-Machado and V. "Supply chain management resilience: a theory building approach." 1 (2014): 3-37. Abstract
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H, Carvalho, Azevedo S, and Cruz-Machado V. "An Innovative Agile and Resilience Index for the Automotive Supply Chain." 6 (2013): 259-283. Abstract
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Govindan, K., Azevedo, S. G., Carvalho, H., and V. and Cruz Machado. "Lean, green and resilient practices influence on supply chain performance: interpretive structural modeling approach." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 12 (2015): 15-34.
G., Azevedo S., Carvalho H., and Cruz-Machado V. "LARG index: a benchmarking tool for improving the leanness, agility, resilience and greenness of the automotive supply chain." Benchmarking: an International Journal (In Press).
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Duarte, Susana, Helena Carvalho, and V. Cruz-Machado. "Exploring relationships between supply chain performance measures." In Proceedings of The Fourth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, 3-7. Chungli, Taiwan, 2010. Abstract
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Duarte, Susana, Helena Carvalho, and V. Cruz Machado. "The Commitments Between Lean, Agile, Resilient and Green Supply Chain Paradigms.", 68-82. GLASGOW, SCOTLAND: UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE, 2011. Abstract

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Carvalho, H., V. Cruz-Machado, V. H. Machado, A. P. Barroso, and S. G. Azevedo. "Supply Chain Management: Design For Resilient Systems." In Actas das Conferências "Engenharias'07"- Inovação & Desenvolvimento, 256-261. Vol. I. Covilhã, Portugal: Universidade da Covilhã, 2007. Abstract

In this paper, a research project intituled {“Supply} chain management: design for resilient systems” is presented. The project aim is to develop a Management Support System prototype to help managers to react quickly and efficiently to the effects of disruptions that can occur in supply chain. The research project is presented; including the current state of the art in Supply Chain disruptions, the research project objectives and main tasks. Preliminary research findings are presented and discussed.

Carvalho, H., and V. Cruz-Machado. "A Supply Chain Mapping Framework for Resilience Modeling." In 17th International Annual {EurOMA} Conference. Porto, Portugal, 2010. Abstract
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Carvalho, H., and V. Cruz-Machado. "Resilient Supply Chains." In Actas das Conferências "Engenharias'07"- Inovação & Desenvolvimento, 304-309. Vol. I. Covilhã, Portugal: Universidade da Covilhã, 2007. Abstract

This paper explores the designing principles to create resilient Supply Chains ({SC’s)} with the ability to return, rapidly, to the initial stage or to an improved one after a disturbance occurrence. {SC} disturbances and failure modes are identified and discussed. The concept of {SC} resilience is defined and explored; a conceptual {SC} Resilience Index and a {SC} Resilience Indicator are proposed. A framework for the design of resilient {SC’s} is introduced, identifying main {SC} characteristic that can be modified to increase {SC} resilience and to mitigate its vulnerability

Carvalho, H., S. G. Azevedo, S. Duarte, and V. Cruz-Machado. "Green and Lean Paradigms Influence on Sustainable Business Development of Manufacturing Supply Chains." International Journal of Green Computing 2 (2011): 45-62. AbstractWebsite
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Carvalho, H., and V. Cruz-Machado. "Management decision making under uncertainty in the Supply Chain." Atlanta, USA, 2005. Abstract

Logistics performance can be affected by the presence of uncertainties in the decision making process. To reduce decision making uncertainties, a topology of sources of supply chain ({SC)} uncertainty is proposed, in order to identify different types of uncertainty. A conceptual framework is developed for the analysis of decision making uncertainty sources in {SC’s}, providing the basis for the design and selection of improved {SC} scenarios. A case study is presented to illustrate the potential of simulation techniques in modeling scenarios for the Supply Chain: a set of performance measures is proposed, and results are obtained based on a predetermined selection criterion.

Carvalho, H., S. G. Azevedo, and V. Cruz-Machado. "An Innovative Agile and Resilient Index for the Automotive Supply Chain." International Journal of Agile Systems and Management in press (2013). Abstract

This paper proposes a composite index, called the AR Index, to assess the agility and resilience of automotive companies and their respective supply chains. As a first step, a model to support the AR Index is developed. Next, an AR Index for the automotive supply chain is suggested using a set of relevant Agile and Resilient supply chain practices. The Delphi technique was used to obtain a series of weights for those practices. Finally a case study approach is used to illustrate the application of the AR Index. This study represents an original approach that suggests a unique composite indicator for the Agile and Resilient paradigms in the context of automotive supply chains

Carvalho, H., J. G. Tavares, and V. Cruz-Machado. "A Mapping Framework for Supply Chain Resilience Assessment." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 12 (2012): 354-373. AbstractWebsite

Supply chains (SCs) may experience instability induced by disturbances such as extreme climate conditions or accidents. These events can cause severe negative effects on SCs, jeopardising the on-time delivery of products and services to customers. This paper proposes a mapping framework to improve SC resilience to such events, avoiding possible failure modes. The proposed mapping framework allows identification of the current SC operation and possible transition states, together with points of vulnerability. An illustrative example of the framework applied to a real-life wine SC is presented.

Carvalho, H., V. H. Machado, A. P. Barroso, and V. Cruz-Machado. Um Modelo Conceptual Para Caracterização De Distúrbios. Vila Real, Portugal, 2008. Abstract

As organizações são concebidas com o enfoque principal na eficiência. As práticas de gestão que adoptam pressupõem, regra geral, a estabilidade do ambiente onde estão inseridas. Por isso, as organizações ficam vulneráveis aos distúrbios a que são sujeitas, e cuja frequência é cada vez maior, o que condiciona a sua eficiência, o seu nível de produtividade e, consequentemente, a sua competitividade. Porque existe uma relação de interdependência mais ou menos definida entre as organizações, a ocorrência de um distúrbio numa delas pode afectar todas as que dela dependem. É, por isso, fundamental que as organizações sejam mais resilientes, isto é, sejam capazes de reagir a um distúrbio inesperado, regressando rapidamente ao estado original ou a um melhor, após a cessação do distúrbio. Neste sentido, uma das acções que pode ser tomada é a definição de planos de mitigação e/ou de contingência. A adequação de planos, de mitigação e/ou de contingência, a implementar quando uma organização está perante um distúrbio, sendo por natureza uma actividade pró-activa, pressupõe a identificação dos distúrbios a que a organização pode ficar sujeita. Atendendo a que os distúrbios podem ter características muito diferentes, no que concerne à frequência de ocorrência, efeito crítico, nível de previsibilidade, área afectada na organização e duração, e podem, ainda, ter origem em fontes diversas, internas ou externas à organização produzidas pelo Homem ou pela Natureza, é fundamental que existam modelos que permitam a sua caracterização e a quantificação do grau de severidade das suas consequências para a organização onde incidem. É possível identificar na bibliografia modelos cujo desenvolvimento está associado aos distúrbios. Contudo, o âmbito em que são desenvolvidos é muito diverso. Nenhum deles, porém, permite caracterizar os distúrbios. O principal objectivo deste artigo é apresentar um modelo conceptual que permita caracterizar os distúrbios e avaliar a severidade dos seus efeitos para a organização onde incidem.