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V., Raphaela, Carvalho H., and Cruz-Machado and V. "Strategic resilience development a study using delphy.", 45-57. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing., 2014. Abstract
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SG, Azevedo, Govindan K, Carvalho H, and Cruz-Machado V. "Ecosilient Index to assess the greenness and resilience of the upstream automotive supply chain." 56 (2013): 131-146. Abstract
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S, Azevedo, Carvalho H, and Cruz-Machado V. "Trade-offs among Lean, Agile, Resilient and Green Paradigms in Supply Chain Management: A Case Study Approach.", N/A. International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management 2013, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering., 2013. Abstract
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K., Chantarachalee, Carvalho, H., H., Cruz-Machado, and V. "Designing lean supply chains a case study.", 45-57. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing., 2014. Abstract
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K., Govindan, Azevedo S. G., Carvalho H., and Cruz-Machado V. "Impact of supply chain management practices on sustainability." Journal of Cleaner Production 85 (2014): 212-225.
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H., Carvalho, Azevedo S. G., and Cruz-Machado and V. "Supply chain management resilience: a theory building approach." 1 (2014): 3-37. Abstract
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H, Carvalho, Azevedo S, and Cruz-Machado V. "An Innovative Agile and Resilience Index for the Automotive Supply Chain." 6 (2013): 259-283. Abstract
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Govindan, K., Azevedo, S. G., Carvalho, H., and V. and Cruz Machado. "Lean, green and resilient practices influence on supply chain performance: interpretive structural modeling approach." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 12 (2015): 15-34.
G., Azevedo S., Carvalho H., and Cruz-Machado V. "LARG index: a benchmarking tool for improving the leanness, agility, resilience and greenness of the automotive supply chain." Benchmarking: an International Journal (In Press).
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Duarte, Susana, Helena Carvalho, and V. Cruz Machado. "The Commitments Between Lean, Agile, Resilient and Green Supply Chain Paradigms.", 68-82. GLASGOW, SCOTLAND: UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE, 2011. Abstract

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Duarte, Susana, Helena Carvalho, and V. Cruz-Machado. "Exploring relationships between supply chain performance measures." In Proceedings of The Fourth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, 3-7. Chungli, Taiwan, 2010. Abstract
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Carvalho, H., S. G. Azevedo, and V. Cruz-Machado. "An Innovative Agile and Resilient Index for the Automotive Supply Chain." International Journal of Agile Systems and Management in press (2013). Abstract

This paper proposes a composite index, called the AR Index, to assess the agility and resilience of automotive companies and their respective supply chains. As a first step, a model to support the AR Index is developed. Next, an AR Index for the automotive supply chain is suggested using a set of relevant Agile and Resilient supply chain practices. The Delphi technique was used to obtain a series of weights for those practices. Finally a case study approach is used to illustrate the application of the AR Index. This study represents an original approach that suggests a unique composite indicator for the Agile and Resilient paradigms in the context of automotive supply chains

Carvalho, H., J. G. Tavares, and V. Cruz-Machado. "A Mapping Framework for Supply Chain Resilience Assessment." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 12 (2012): 354-373. AbstractWebsite

Supply chains (SCs) may experience instability induced by disturbances such as extreme climate conditions or accidents. These events can cause severe negative effects on SCs, jeopardising the on-time delivery of products and services to customers. This paper proposes a mapping framework to improve SC resilience to such events, avoiding possible failure modes. The proposed mapping framework allows identification of the current SC operation and possible transition states, together with points of vulnerability. An illustrative example of the framework applied to a real-life wine SC is presented.

Carvalho, H., V. H. Machado, A. P. Barroso, and V. Cruz-Machado. Um Modelo Conceptual Para Caracterização De Distúrbios. Vila Real, Portugal, 2008. Abstract

As organizações são concebidas com o enfoque principal na eficiência. As práticas de gestão que adoptam pressupõem, regra geral, a estabilidade do ambiente onde estão inseridas. Por isso, as organizações ficam vulneráveis aos distúrbios a que são sujeitas, e cuja frequência é cada vez maior, o que condiciona a sua eficiência, o seu nível de produtividade e, consequentemente, a sua competitividade. Porque existe uma relação de interdependência mais ou menos definida entre as organizações, a ocorrência de um distúrbio numa delas pode afectar todas as que dela dependem. É, por isso, fundamental que as organizações sejam mais resilientes, isto é, sejam capazes de reagir a um distúrbio inesperado, regressando rapidamente ao estado original ou a um melhor, após a cessação do distúrbio. Neste sentido, uma das acções que pode ser tomada é a definição de planos de mitigação e/ou de contingência. A adequação de planos, de mitigação e/ou de contingência, a implementar quando uma organização está perante um distúrbio, sendo por natureza uma actividade pró-activa, pressupõe a identificação dos distúrbios a que a organização pode ficar sujeita. Atendendo a que os distúrbios podem ter características muito diferentes, no que concerne à frequência de ocorrência, efeito crítico, nível de previsibilidade, área afectada na organização e duração, e podem, ainda, ter origem em fontes diversas, internas ou externas à organização produzidas pelo Homem ou pela Natureza, é fundamental que existam modelos que permitam a sua caracterização e a quantificação do grau de severidade das suas consequências para a organização onde incidem. É possível identificar na bibliografia modelos cujo desenvolvimento está associado aos distúrbios. Contudo, o âmbito em que são desenvolvidos é muito diverso. Nenhum deles, porém, permite caracterizar os distúrbios. O principal objectivo deste artigo é apresentar um modelo conceptual que permita caracterizar os distúrbios e avaliar a severidade dos seus efeitos para a organização onde incidem.

Carvalho, H., and V. Cruz-Machado. "Integrating lean, agile, resilience and green paradigms in supply chain management." In Supply Chain Management, 27-48. Pengzhong Li ed. {InTech}, 2011. Abstract
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Carvalho, H., and V. Cruz-Machado. "Supply chain: mapping for resilience." In 4th CSCMP European Research Seminar (ERS). Copenhagen, Denmark, 2009. Abstract

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Carvalho, Helena. Modelling resilience in supply chain In Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Lisbon: Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012.phd_hmlc.pdf
Carvalho, H., A. P. Barroso, V. H. Machado, S. G. Azevedo, and V. Cruz-Machado. "Supply chain redesign for resilience using simulation." Computers & Industrial Engineering 62 (2012): 329-341. AbstractWebsite

Supply chains are facing numerous changes that are contributing to increasing their complexity and vulnerability to disturbances, therefore, to survive, supply chains must be resilient. The paper presents a supply chain simulation study for a real case concerned with the Portuguese automotive supply chain. The subset automotive supply chain involved in the case study is a three-echelon supply chain, composed by one automaker, two 1st-tier suppliers, two 2nd-tier suppliers, and one outsource entity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate alternative supply chain scenarios for improving supply chain resilience to a disturbance and understanding how mitigation strategies affect each supply chain entity performance. Two strategies widely used to mitigate disturbance negative effects on supply chains were considered and six scenarios were designed. The scenarios differ in terms of presence or absence of a disturbance in one hand and presence or absence of a mitigation strategy in other hand. To evaluate the scenarios designed, two performance measures were defined per supply chain entity, Lead Time Ratio and Total Cost.

Carvalho, H., and V. Cruz-Machado. "Designing principles to create resilient Supply Chains." In Proceedings of the 2007 Industrial Engineering Research Conference, 186-191. Nashville, USA, 2007. Abstract

This paper explores the designing principles to create resilient Supply Chains ({SC)} with the ability to return, rapidly, to the initial stage or to an improved one after a disturbance occurrence. Supply chain disturbances and failure modes are identified and discussed. The concept of resilience applied to {SCs} is defined and explored; a conceptual {SC} Resilience Index and a {SC} Resilience Indicator are proposed. A framework for the design of resilient supply chains is introduced, identifying main {SC} characteristic that can be modified to increase {SC} resilience and to mitigate its inherent vulnerability. An exploratory simulation study is presented to test the design of alternative {SC} scenarios.