Induced defects in silver polycrystalline samples irradiated with 4 keV Ar+ were characterised with slow positron implantation spectroscopy. The implanted gas was found to interact with ion irradiation defects. The evolution of the defects and gas-defect interactions were followed through a multi-step isochronal annealing treatment. Two different defected regions were detected. A region near to the surface, due to a distribution of vacancy-like defects produced by irradiation, and a deeper one due to coalescence of Ar. The deeper defects evolve with thermal treatments and probably produce cavities which are not easily recovered.

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GaN films were deposited by cyclic pulsed laser deposition (cyclic-PLD) at different substrate temperatures between 400 and 600◦C. Alignment of the films along the c-axis, grain size, roughness and conductivity increased with temperature. Surface elemental ratio N/Ga was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and was smaller for films deposited at higher temperature. A decrease of the resistivity of the films agreed with higher metallic (Ga) surface concentration. Bulk elemental ratio N/Ga, determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), was higher than the XPS ratio and showed a very small tendency to decrease with deposition temperature. At 600 ◦C, there was evidence of contamination of the films by oxygen probably resulting from diffusion from the sapphire (Al2O3) substrate. These results suggest that adjustments in the deposition conditions are needed in order to have high crystal alignment, large grain size and good N/Ga ratio.

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An understanding of space charge build-up in the polymeric insulation of power cables is important in determining how aging occurs and progresses and, also in predicting cable lifetime. In this investigation electric-field induced space charge in peelings from XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) cables was measured using two different methods: the pulsed electro-acoustic technique (PEA) and the combined procedure of isothermal and non-isothermal charging/discharging currents (FTSDC). These two methods allow the study of space charge in highly insulating materials. Also, since electric fields of different orders of magnitude are applied to the sample in the two methods, it is possible to analyze different characteristics of the space charge traps. Prior to the measurements the samples were subjected to conditioning to remove volatiles. Cable peelings from various brands aged under different conditions (including field aged and thermally aged samples) were studied as received from the manufacturers. Some of the samples have undergone further ageing in AC electric field (50Hz) for 1000h to see the influence of further ageing on space charge build-up. The results for the different types of samples are compared in an attempt to correlate different ageing parameters.

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During the last decades titanium alloys were found to be valuable engineering materials for many different applications. Formerly used in critical applications like aerospace, aeronautic and military equipment, where the factor cost is not relevant, titanium alloys are finding now new and different markets. However, the development of such new markets will depend on an effective cost reduction of titanium parts, in order to achieve a selling cost suitable with its application in consumer goods. A possible solution to decrease production costs might be the use of traditional casting techniques to produce near net shape functional parts. During the last years, the authors have developed extensive research work on this field, and a new technique both for melting and moulding, using ceramic multi-layered crucibles and investment casting shells was developed. This paper presents some of the results obtained during that research work: Ti-48Al alloy were melted and cooled inside CaO, MgO and Y O stabilized ZrO crucibles with inside layer of Y O . The chemical composition, hardness and microstructure at the metal-crucible interface, studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry, SEM/EDS and XRS are presented. On a second step, the same alloy was melted on the same crucibles, and poured into graphite moulds, and the crucibles wall was characterized by SEM/EDS and XRS.

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{Superoxide reductases are a class of non-haem iron enzymes which catalyse the monovalent reduction of the superoxide anion O2- into hydrogen peroxide and water. Treponema pallidum (Tp), the syphilis spirochete, expresses the gene for a superoxide reductase called neelaredoxin, having the iron protein rubredoxin as the putative electron donor necessary to complete the catalytic cycle. In this work, we present the first cloning, overexpression in Escherichia coli and purification of the Tp rubredoxin. Spectroscopic characterization of this 6 kDa protein allowed us to calculate the molar absorption coefficient of the 490 nm feature of ferric iron

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The Water Company of the North Alentejo (Águas do Norte Alentejano) (Portugal) has decided to implement a treatment plant to treat an urban wastewater with a significant influence of tannery effluents. The design of the wastewater treatment plant was attributed to a consortium coordinated by Sisaqua Company. Since the levels of the biodegradability and toxicity of the wastewater to be treated were unknown, Sisaqua Company asked the New University of Lisboa to develop and execute a monitoring plan to define the chemical composition and the levels of the biodegradability and toxicity of the wastewater.
A composite sampling procedure of the wastewater was performed during a daily working cycle of the tanneries. The composite sample was characterized for 19 chemical parameters. Five of these parameters were total Cr, Cr (VI), Zn, Cu and Al, which were determined in the dissolved and suspended fractions. The composite sample was also submitted to a biological test to assess its biodegradability degree. This assay was performed according to the methodology indicated in the test 301E of OECD [1], taking into account the amendment of 1992. A respirometric assay was carried out, to assess the toxic effect of the composite sample on the biological populations involved in the biological stabilization of organic compounds. This assay followed the “Sapromat” methodology developed by Brabander and Vandeputte [2]. Finally, the composite sample was submitted to a coagulation-flocculation process according to the methodologies proposed by Eckenfelder [3, 4] and Pereira [5]. The supernatants were characterized for the same chemical and biological parameters as it was described for the composite sample.
It was possible to conclude that the high levels of Cr present in the composite wastewater were mainly in the trivalent oxidation state. Since this oxidation state is less toxic for biological populations than the Cr (VI) and this metal was mainly in the suspended fraction, it was possible to obtain a biodegradability of the organic compounds quite similar to those observed for domestic wastewaters. The toxicity determined by the “Sapromat” method was slightly higher than those determined for domestic wastewaters. Nevertheless, this toxicity did not affect significantly the wastewater biodegradability. The Cr (III) was easily removed by a chemical coagulation-flocculation process.

In this paper, the author proves that the set of all integrable functions whose sequences of negative (resp. nonnegative) Fourier coefficients belong to \(\ell^1\cap\ell^\Phi_{\varphi,w}\) (resp. to \(\ell^1\cap\ell^\Psi_{\psi,\varrho}\)), where \(\ell^\Phi_{\varphi,w}\) and \(\ell^\Psi_{\psi,\varrho}\) are two-weighted Orlicz sequence spaces, forms an algebra under pointwise multiplication whenever the weight sequences
\[
\varphi=\{\varphi_n\},\quad
\psi=\{\psi_n\},\quad
w=\{w_n\},\quad
\varrho=\{\varrho_n\}
\]
increase and satisfy the \(\Delta_2\)-condition.