A reabilitação de um edifício tem muitas vezes de ser analisada e efetuada tendo em conta os edifícios vizinhos e a envolvente. No caso particular da reabilitação de um edifício, à partida devem considerar-se, de forma integrada, todos os requisitos que não são cumpridos face aos padrões atuais. Com base nessa análise, e tendo em conta muitas vezes condicionantes vários, que vão desde estéticos, técnicos, culturais a económicos, e que dependem em larga medida das tipologias construtivas, a intervenção tem de ser cuidadosamente concebida, preparada e executada. Apresentam-se sinteticamente as tipologias construtivas mais correntes, o contexto legislativo português da construção e específico da reabilitação. Efetua-se uma análise à legislação vigente, detalhando com maior detalhe o Regime Especial da Reabilitação Urbana, que possibilita dispensas de cumprimentos regulamentares mas apenas relativos a aspetos construtivos. Por esse motivo apresenta-se também uma síntese de aspetos relativos à segurança estrutural na reabilitação de edifícios com tipologias correntes. Pretende-se, através desta síntese, contribuir para uma visão mais integrada da reabilitação.

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Multi-threaded programs allow one to achieve better performance by doing a lot of work in parallel using multiple threads. Such parallel programs often contain code blocks that a thread must execute atomically, i.e., with no interference from the other threads of the program. Failing to execute these code blocks atomically leads to errors known as atomicity violations. However, frequently it not obvious to tell when a piece of code should be executed atomically, especially when that piece of code contains calls to some third-party library functions, about which the programmer has little or no knowledge at all. One solution to this problem is to associate a contract with such a library, telling the programmer how the library functions should be used, and then check whether the contract is indeed respected. For contract validation, static approaches have been proposed, with known limitations on precision and scalability. In this paper, we propose a dynamic method for contract validation, which is more precise and scalable than static approaches.

Abstract The near-surface mounted (NSM) strengthening technique is capable of effectively increase the bearing capacity of structural concrete elements. This technique which basically consists of placing \{FRP\} reinforcements inside small grooves cut in the concrete cover, has been widely investigated in terms of structural performance and ability to improve the flexural and shear behaviour of reinforced concrete beams and columns. However, little research has been carried out concerning to the \{NSM\} long-term performance and durability. Motivated by the need of increasing the knowledge on the expected durability of the \{NSM\} technique using \{CFRP\} laminates, this paper presents an experimental program in which direct pull-out tests are carried out for evaluating the bond behaviour of specimens aged through wet-dry cycles. A total of 30 specimens are tested, analysing the effect of the bond length, the groove width, the groove depth and the aging effect on the bond behaviour. Digital image correlation method is also used to identify the bond resistant mechanism developed in an element strengthened using \{NSM\} technique. Finally, using the experimental results, an analytical�numerical strategy is applied to establish the local bond stress�slip relationship.

Abstract Direct identification of cohesive laws in modes I and İI\} of wood bonded joints is addressed by the double cantilever beam (DCB) and end-notched flexure (ENF) tests, respectively. Moreover, the development and extension of fracture process zone (FPZ) ahead of the initial crack tip, is analysed by means of digital image correlation (DIC) and embedded fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. From \{FBG\} spectral response, the spectrum geometric mean is determined and the strain induced by wavelength variation employed to identify the initial and final stages of the FPZ. These stages are used to consistently define the cohesive laws in both modes I and II. Resistance-curves are determined from the compliance-based beam method (CBBM). Besides, the crack tip opening displacements (CTOD) are determined by post-processing displacement field provided by \{DIC\} around the initial crack tip. The strain energy release rate as a function of the \{CTOD\} are then determined for both mode I and mode II. The respective cohesive laws are reconstructed by numerical approximation and differentiation. It is concluded that the proposed data reduction scheme is effective to determine both the \{FPZ\} development phase and the corresponding cohesive laws of wood bonded joints in both mode I and mode II.

The Bench 19 Bonebed at Bentiaba, Angola, is a unique concentration of marine vertebrates preserving six species of mosasaurs in sediments best correlated by magnetostratigraphy to chron C32n.1n between 71.4 and 71.64 Ma. The bonebed formed at a paleolatitude near 24°S, with an Atlantic width at that latitude approximating 2700 km, roughly half that of the current width. The locality lies on an uncharacteristically narrow continental shelf near transform faults that controlled the coastal outline of Africa in the formation of the South Atlantic Ocean. Biostratigraphic change through the Bentiaba section indicates that the accumulation occurred in an ecological time dimension within the 240 ky bin delimited by chron 32n.1n. The fauna occurs in a 10 m sand unit in the Mocuio Formation with bones and partial skeletons concentrated in, but not limited to, the basal 1–2 m. The sediment entombing the fossils is an immature feldspathic sand shown by detrital zircon ages to be derived from nearby granitic shield rocks. Specimens do not appear to have a strong preferred orientation and they are not concentrated in a strand line. Stable oxygen isotope analysis of associated bivalve shells indicates a water temperature of 18.5°C. The bonebed is clearly mixed with scattered dinosaur and pterosaur elements in a marine assemblage. Gut contents, scavenging marks and associated shed shark teeth in the Bench 19 Fauna indicate biological association and attrition due to feeding activities. The ecological diversity of mosasaur species is shown by tooth and body-size disparity and by δ13C analysis of tooth enamel, which indicate a variety of foraging areas and dietary niches. The Bench 19 Fauna was formed in arid latitudes along a coastal desert similar to that of modern Namibia on a narrow, tectonically controlled continental shelf, in shallow waters below wave base. The area was used as a foraging ground for diverse species, including molluscivorus Globidens phosphaticus, small species expected near the coast, abundant Prognathodon kianda, which fed on other mosasaurs at Bench 19, and species that may have been transient and opportunistic feeders in the area.

Through writing, students express many of their processes and ways of thinking. Since at high school level some of the activities are carried out with the graphing calculator, we intend to investigate the contribution of this resource to promote the mathematical writing in the learning of continuous nonlinear models at 11th grade. Adopting a qualitative methodology, we collected and analyzed the students’ writing productions. What they write when using the calculator gives evidence about the information valued (when they sketch graphics without any justification); about the strategies used (when they define the viewing window and relate different menus on the graphing calculator); and about the reasoning developed (when they justify the information given by the calculator and the formulation of generalizations and conjectures validation).

A Mixed Integer Linear Programming model for the design and planning of green supply chains is developed. Strategic and tactical decisions are taken, namely on facility location and capacity installation, supplier selection, technology selection, transportation network definition, supply planning, and product recovery. The aim of this work is to study the use of environmental indicators in these decisions while accounting for profit objectives. Different objective functions concerning environmental aspects are implemented. ReCiPe quantifies the environmental performance of the supply chain and combinations of ReCiPe’s midpoint categories allow a deeper analysis of the impact of these categories in strategic and tactical decisions. The goal is to understand if focusing on selected categories affects supply chain decisions and overall supply chain environmental impact. Net Present Value quantifies the economic performance and is used for lexicographic optimization. The model is applied to a case-study and important managerial insights are obtained. From a holistic point of view, it answers the question: how should supply chain environmental impact be assessed? From a case-study perspective, insights are obtained regarding what type of improvements should be implemented to reduce the environmental impact and how this would affect supply chain strategic and tactical decisions, along with economic performance.

Abstract This paper proposes a hybrid methodology for the evaluation of integrated inductors sensitivity against technological/geometrical parameters variation. The obtained results are used in an optimization-based design environment for integrated inductors, as a way of guaranteeing that obtained solutions are robust against parameter variation. For the inductor characterization, a lumped element model is used, where each element value is evaluated through physics based equations. The sensitivity of the inductor characterization to parameter variations is evaluated at two levels. At the physical level, the sensitivity of the model element values to technological/geometrical parameters variations is computed through an equation-based strategy. Then, the sensitivity of the inductor characterization to the model parameter variations is obtained through a simulation-based approach, where the Richardson extrapolation technique is used for the calculation of the partial derivatives. Several examples considering the evaluation of sensitivity of both inductance and quality factor of two inductors in \{UMC130\} technology are presented. Obtained results are compared against Monte-Carlo simulations.

Abstract This work addresses the experimental identification of mode I cohesive law of wood bonded joints. The approach combines the double cantilever beam (DCB) test with both digital image correlation (DIC) and embedded fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The spectrum geometric mean of the \{FBG\} reflected spectral response was determined, and the wavelength evolution was used to define the fracture process zone (FPZ) development phase. This evaluation allowed a consistent selection of experimental range of over which the identification procedure of mode I cohesive law is build up. Mode I crack length, Resistance-curve and cohesive law parameters are characterised and discussed. The strain energy release rate (GI) is determined from the P�d curve by the compliance-based beam method (CBBM). The crack tip opening displacement (wI) is determined by post-processing displacements measured by DIC. The cohesive law in mode I (sI�wI) is then obtained by numerical differentiation of the GI�wI relationship.