@article {SHAKER2026109936, title = {Towards Rapid Prediction of TNT Blast-Induced Primary and Secondary Human Injuries in Urban Environments}, journal = {Results in Engineering}, year = {2026}, note = {n/a}, pages = {109936}, abstract = {

In densely built urban areas, explosive events produce blast waves that interact strongly with surrounding structures, resulting in amplified pressures and highly variable injury patterns. These complex interactions challenge conventional blast models and emphasize the need for improved, rapid injury estimation methods to support effective emergency response and mitigation. To address this need, the present study develops predictive equations for the rapid estimation of TNT blast-induced human injuries in urban environments, with particular emphasis on densely built areas characterized by complex street geometries. These equations were derived through regression analysis of an extensive dataset of simulated blast events with varying charge sizes, placed in three representative urban scenarios characterized by distinct street layouts and topographic conditions. The numerical simulations were performed using validated finite-volume Computational Fluid Dynamics models implemented in the GPU-accelerated commercial software Viper::Blast. The proposed equations allow the delineation of primary and secondary injury zones. Primary injuries are associated with overpressure effects on air-filled organs, while secondary injuries result from debris and projectiles and are directly correlated with predicted damage to masonry elements and glazing. Tertiary and quaternary injuries, which are respectively related to body displacement and impact, burns, inhalation hazards, and psychological effects, are not addressed in the present research. Results show that the urban fabric strongly influences both the extent and the shape of the injury zones. In contrast, terrain topography, provided that slopes remain relatively moderate, has only a minimal effect. Overall, the predictive equations offer a rapid yet reliable tool for quantifying blast-related injuries in urban environments. They support risk assessment, mitigation planning, and emergency response strategies for both accidental and deliberate explosions.

}, keywords = {Blast-Induced Human Injuries, Rapid Prediction, Urban Environment, Viper::Blast}, issn = {2590-1230}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109936}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123026009734}, author = {N.H. Shaker and C. Cismasiu and H. B. Rebelo and Cismasiu, I.} } @article {MIHALI2025120534, title = {Impact of building model complexity on predicting external explosion consequences}, journal = {Engineering Structures}, volume = {339}, year = {2025}, note = {n/a}, pages = {120534}, abstract = {

Accurate blast models are essential for disaster management and emergency preparedness. Semi-empirical methods, which rely on free-field assumptions, struggle to provide precise data for complex building shapes because they ignore shock wave reflections. This research numerically investigates the effects of an explosion on a large building of complex geometrical configuration using blastFoam, estimating the fa{\c c}ade damage and assessing risks to occupants. To evaluate the importance of accurately modelling the building{\textquoteright}s geometry, four levels of detail were considered. Additionally, simulations were also performed using the Load Blast Enhanced (LBE) method from LS-DYNA to compare the estimates of this faster semi-empirical approach with those obtained through CFD analyses. The findings reveal that simpler CFD models are adequate for fa{\c c}ade analysis and injury assessment around the building but fall short for predicting injury distribution within interior spaces or between buildings. The LBE underestimates both structural damage and human injury levels, while detailed CFD highlights the importance of accounting for interior walls and windows to enhance blast pressure predictions.

}, keywords = {Blast propagation, CFD simulation, Complex geometrical configuration, Explosion effects}, issn = {0141-0296}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120534}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141029625009253}, author = {A. Mihali and H. B. Rebelo and Cisma{\c s}iu, C. and N.H. Shaker} } @conference {15809, title = {AVALIA{\c C}{\~A}O DA VULNERABILIDADE S{\'I}SMICA DE UM PASSADI{\c C}O PEDONAL PARTINDO DA SUA IDENTIFICA{\c C}{\~A}O MODAL DIN{\^A}MICA}, booktitle = {TEST\&E 2022 3rd Conference on Testing and Experimentation in Civil Engineering Smart Technologies}, year = {2022}, month = {21-23 June}, address = {Campus da Caparica, Portugal}, attachments = {https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/cornel/files/046.pdf}, author = {Pedro Silva and Jos{\'e} Nuno Varandas and Corneliu Cismasiu} } @article {doi:10.1080/15583058.2021.1963506, title = {Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of a Stone Arch Using Discrete Elements}, journal = {International Journal of Architectural Heritage}, year = {2021}, note = {n/a}, pages = {1-15}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, abstract = {n/a}, doi = {10.1080/15583058.2021.1963506}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15583058.2021.1963506}, author = {Cisma{\c s}iu, Corneliu and Pedro B. S. Silva and Jos{\'e} V. Lemos and Ildi Cisma{\c s}iu} } @article {SANTOS2020113128, title = {Low velocity impact response of 3D printed structures formed by cellular metamaterials and stiffening plates: PLA vs. PETg}, journal = {Composite Structures}, year = {2020}, note = {n/a}, pages = {113128}, abstract = {

This work studies the low-velocity impact response of 3D-printed layered structures made of thermoplastic materials (PLA and PETg), which form sacrificial claddings for impact protection. The analyzed structures are composed of crushable cellular cores placed in between terminal stiffening plates. The cores tessellate either honeycomb hexagonal unit cells, or hexagonal cells with re-entrant corners, with the latter exhibiting auxetic response. The given results highlight that the examined PETg protectors exhibit higher energy dissipation ratios and lower restitution coefficients, as compared to PLA structures that have the same geometry. It is concluded that PETg qualifies as an useful material for the fabrication of effective impact protection gear through ordinary, low-cost 3D printers.

}, keywords = {Auxetic response, Cellular metamaterials, Low Velocity Impact, PETg, PLA}, issn = {0263-8223}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113128}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263822320330543}, author = {F.A. Santos and Rebelo, H. and M. Coutinho and L.S. Sutherland and C. Cismasiu and I. Farina and F. Fraternali} } @conference {13156, title = {Avalia{\c c}{\~a}o da vulnerabilidade s{\'\i}smica de um arco em alvenaria utilizando o m{\'e}todo dos elementos discretos}, booktitle = {S{\'I}SMICA 2019 - 11{\textordmasculine} Congresso Nacional de Sismologia e Enhenharia S{\'\i}smica}, year = {2019}, month = {29 e 30 de Abril}, address = {Lisboa}, attachments = {https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/cornel/files/final_sismica2019.pdf}, author = {Pedro Boto Semblano da Silva and Corneliu Cismasiu and Jos{\'e} Vieira de Lemos} } @article {13105, title = {Exploratory study on geodesic domes under blast loads}, journal = { International Journal of Protective Structures}, year = {2019}, author = {Hugo Bento Rebelo and Amarante dos Santos, Filipe and Corneliu Cismasiu and Duarte Santos} } @article {12776, title = {Dynamic Characterisation and Finite Element Updating of a RC Stadium Grandstand}, journal = {Buildings}, volume = {8}, year = {2018}, pages = {141, 1-19}, author = {Filipe Santos and Corneliu Cismasiu and Ildi Cismasiu and Chiara Bedon} } @article {12301, title = {Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of a RC Pedestrian Crossing}, journal = {JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING}, volume = {X}, year = {2018}, pages = {1-19}, author = {Cisma{\c s}iu, Corneliu and Filipe P. Amarante Dos Santos and Rui A. Da Silva Perdig{\~a}o and Vasco M. S. Bernardo and Paulo X. Candeias and Alexandra R. Carvalho and Lu{\'\i}s M. C. Guerreiro} } @conference {11672, title = {Estimation of the tensile force in the stay-cables of Salgueiro Maia Bridge using ambient vibration tests}, booktitle = {ISDAC2017 - International Symposium on the Dynamics and Aerodynamics of Cables}, year = {2017}, month = {30-37 Oct.}, publisher = {FEUP}, organization = {FEUP}, address = {Porto}, attachments = {https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/cornel/files/artigo_isdac_v5_ec.pdf}, author = {Ana Joaquim and Corneliu Cismasiu and Filipe Santos and Elsa Caetano} } @proceedings {8373, title = {COMPORTAMENTO S{\'I}SMICO DE LIGA{\c C}{\~O}ES EM PASSADI{\c C}OS PR{\'E}-FABRICADOS}, journal = {10{\textordmasculine} Congresso Nacional de Sismologia e Engenharia S{\'\i}smica}, year = {2016}, pages = {1-12}, address = {Ponta Delgada}, attachments = {https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/cornel/files/artigosismica2016_submetido.docx}, author = {F. Santos and C. Cismasiu and R. Perdig{\~a}o and V. Bernardo and J. Sampayo and P. Candeias and Costa, A. and Carvalho, A. and L. Guerreiro} } @conference {7324, title = {Passive and active control systems for adaptive glazing systems and envelopes}, booktitle = {European COST Action TU1403 "Adaptive facades network" Industry Workshop}, year = {2015}, month = {September 2015}, address = {Delft, The Netherlands}, attachments = {https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/cornel/files/tu1403_poster_template_2015_04_30_final_02_cb.pdf}, author = {Chiara Bedon and Filipe Santos and Claudio Amadio and Corneliu Cismasiu} } @conference {6055, title = {Experimental and FE updating techniques for the unseating vulnerability assessment of a footbridge structure}, booktitle = {The 4th International Conference on Dynamics, Vibration and Control}, year = {2014}, month = {August 23-25, 20}, publisher = {Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics}, organization = {Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics}, address = {Shanghai, China}, attachments = {https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/cornel/files/icdvc_2014.pdf}, author = {Corneliu Cismasiu and Filipe P. Amarante dos Santos and Ana I.M. Rodrigues} } @article {6056, title = {Smart glass facade subjected to wind loadings}, journal = {Structures and Buildings}, volume = {167}, year = {2014}, pages = {1-10}, attachments = {https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/cornel/files/stbu1300011_offprint.pdf}, author = {Filipe P. Amarante dos Santos and Corneliu Cismasiu and Pedro F. Gon{\c c}alves and Gamboa-Marrufo, Mauricio} } @conference {5055, title = {Shape Memory Alloys in Structural Vibration Control. Research at UNIC/DEC/FCT/UNL}, booktitle = {International Conference "Tradition and Innovation". 60 Years of Civil Engineering Higher Education in Transilvania}, year = {2013}, month = {7-9 Nov.}, publisher = {UTCN}, organization = {UTCN}, address = {Cluj-Napoca, Romania}, attachments = {https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/cornel/files/c60.pdf}, author = {Corneliu Cismasiu and Filipe Pimentel Amarante dos Santos} } @inbook {5270, title = {Bridge Hinge-Restrainers Built up of NITI Superelastic Shape-Memory Alloys}, booktitle = {New Trends in Smart Technologies }, year = {2013}, pages = {195-203}, publisher = {Fraunhofer Verlag}, organization = {Fraunhofer Verlag}, address = {Saarbr{\"u}cken}, author = {F. P. Amarante dos Santos and C. Cismasiu}, editor = {Christian Boller and Hartmut Janocha} } @conference {2751, title = {Towards a semi-active vibration control solution based on superelastic shape memory alloys}, booktitle = {15th WCEE}, year = {2012}, month = {24-28 September}, address = {Lisbon, Portugal}, attachments = {https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/cornel/files/2012_wcee_0379.pdf}, author = {C. Cismasiu and F. P. Amarante dos Santos} } @conference {Tue_Jul_12_11:46:50_WEST_201, title = {Bridge hinge-restrainers built up of NiTi superelastic shape-memory alloys}, booktitle = {Smart Structures and Materials (SMART{\textquoteright}11)}, series = {5th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Smart Structures and Materials SMART{\textquoteright}11}, year = {2011}, note = {

n/a

}, month = {July 6-8}, address = {Saarbr{\"u}cken, Germany}, abstract = {

n/a

}, attachments = {https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/cornel/files/santos_2011.pdf}, author = {F. P. Amarante dos Santos and C. Cismasiu} } @inbook {Thu_Oct_14_08:27:03_WEST_201, title = {Shape Memory Alloys}, series = {ISBN: 978-953-307-106-0}, year = {2010}, note = {n/a}, month = {August}, pages = {127-154}, publisher = {Scyio, Publishing}, organization = {Scyio, Publishing}, chapter = {Numerical simulation of a semi-active vibration control device based on superelastic shape memory alloy wires}, address = {Croatia}, abstract = {n/a}, author = {Corneliu Cismasiu and Filipe P. Amarante Dos Santos}, editor = {Book edited by: Corneliu Cismasiu} } @article {Wed_Jul__8_11:09:18_WEST_200, title = {Comparison Between Two SMA Constitutive Models for Seismic Applications}, journal = {Journal of Vibration and Control}, volume = {16}, number = {6}, year = {2010}, note = {

n/a

}, month = {April}, pages = {897-914}, abstract = {

This paper analyses and compares the dynamic behavior of superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) systems based on two different constitutive models. The first model, although being able to describe the response of the material to complex uniaxial loading histories, is temperature and rate independent. Thesecond model couples the mechanical and kinetic laws of the material with a balance equation considering the thermal effects. After numerical validation and calibration, the behavior of these two models is tested in single degree of freedom dynamic systems, with SMAs acting as restoring elements. Different dynamic loads are considered, including artificially generated seismic actions, in a numerical model of a railway viaduct. Finally, it is shown that, in spite of its simplicity, the temperature- and rate-independent modelproduces a set of very satisfying results. This, together with its robustness and straightforward computational implementation, yields a very appealing numerical tool to simulate superelastic passive control applications.

}, keywords = {constitutive models, passive vibration control, seismic applications, Shape memory alloys}, url = {http://jvc.sagepub.com/content/16/6/by/author}, author = {F. P. Amarante dos Santos and C. Cismasiu} } @conference {Tue_May_20_13:39:57_WEST_200, title = {Comparison Between Two {SMA} Constitutive Models for Seismic Applications}, booktitle = {Twelfth Conference on Nonlinear Vibrations, Dynamics, and Multibody Systems}, year = {2008}, note = {n/a}, month = {June 1-5}, address = {Blacksburg, VA 24061}, abstract = {n/a}, keywords = {constitutive models, passive vibration control, seismic applications, SMAs}, author = {F. P. Amarante dos Santos and C. Cismasiu} } @article {Fri_Mar_14_10:37:52_WET_2008, title = {Numerical simulation of superelastic shape memory alloys subjected to dynamic loads}, journal = {Smart Materials and Structures}, volume = {17}, number = {2}, year = {2008}, note = {

n/a

}, month = {April}, pages = {025036 (12pp)}, abstract = {

Superelasticity, a unique property of shape memory alloys (SMAs), allows the material to recover after withstanding large deformations. This recovery takes place without any residual strains, while dissipating a considerable amount of energy. This property makes SMAs particularly suitable for applications in vibration control devices. Numerical models, calibrated with experimental laboratory tests from the literature, are used to investigate the dynamic response of three vibration control devices, built up of austenitic superelastic wires. The energy dissipation and re-centering capabilities, important features of these devices, are clearly illustrated by the numerical tests. Their sensitivity to ambient temperature and strain rate is also addressed. Finally, one of these devices is tested as a seismic passive vibration control system in a simplified numerical model of a railway viaduct, subjected to different ground accelerations.

}, url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/0964-1726/17/2/025036/}, author = {Corneliu Cismasiu and Filipe P. Amarante dos Santos} } @conference {Fri_Oct_19_10:14:25_WEST_200, title = {Shape memory alloys in structural vibration control}, booktitle = {EVACES{\textquoteright}07 - Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Engineering Structures}, year = {2007}, note = {n/a}, month = {24-26 October}, address = {FEUP, Porto, Portugal}, abstract = {

The unique superelastic behaviour exhibited by shape memory alloys (SMAs) allows the material to recover after withstanding large deformations. This recovery takes place without any residual strains, while dissipating a considerable amount of energy. This property makes the SMAs particularly suitable for applications in vibration control devices. Numerical models, calibrated with experimental laboratory tests, are used to investigate the dynamic response of vibration control devices. These devices are built up of austenitic superelastic wires. The energy dissipation and re-centring capabilities, important features of these devices, are clearly illustrated by the numerical tests. One of these devices is tested as a seismic passive vibration control system in a simplified numerical model of a railway viaduct.

}, keywords = {SMA, vibration control}, url = {http://www.dec.fct.unl.pt/FuncionalidadesRestritas/Conferencias/EVACES_07/papers/cd_paper_pag_641.pdf}, author = {Santos, F. P. and C. Cismasiu} } @article {Thu_Mar_11_16:46:02_WET_2004, title = {Numerical simulation of ballistic impact on composite laminates}, journal = {International Journal of Impact Engineering}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, year = {2005}, note = {

n/a

}, month = {March}, pages = {289-306}, abstract = {

The paper reports experimental and numerical simulation of ballistic impact problems on thin composite laminated plates reinforced with Kevlar 29. Ballistic impact was imparted with simulated fragments designed in accordance with STANAG-2920 on plates of different thickness. Numerical modelling was developed and used to obtain an estimate for the limit perforation velocity V50 and simulate failure modes and damage. Computations were carried out using a commercial code based on nite differences and values obtained are compared with the experimental data to evaluate the performance of the simulation. Good correlation between computational simulation and experimental results was achieved, both in terms of deformation and damage of the laminates. Future work is advanced to include the interposition of an outer ceramic layer as well as examining the influence of dry-wet and temperature cycles on the mechanical strength of the plates and their temporal evolution under accelerated ageing.

}, keywords = {Ballistic impact, Composite Materials, Non-Linear Transient Dynamics}, author = {Silva, M. A. G. and Cisma{\c s}iu, C. and Chiorean, C. G.} } @conference {Tue_Dec__2_16:32:22_WET_2003, title = {Low velocity impact on laminates reinforced with {P}olyethylene and {A}ramidic fibres}, booktitle = {Computational Methods in Engineering and Science. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference EPMESC IX}, year = {2003}, note = {n/a}, month = {25-28 November}, pages = {843-849}, publisher = {A.A.Balkema Publishers}, organization = {A.A.Balkema Publishers}, address = {Macao, China}, abstract = {

The present study reports low velocity impact tests on composite laminate plates reinforced either with Kevlar 29 or Dyneema. The tests are produced using a Rosand Precision Impact tester. The experimental results obtained for Kevlar 29 are simulated numerically. The deflection history and the peak of the impact force are compared with experimental data and used to calibrate the numerical model.

}, keywords = {Composite Materials, Low Velocity Impact, Non-Linear Transient Dynamics}, url = {http://www.dec.fct.unl.pt/seccoes/S_Estruturas/docentes/cornel/papers/epmescIX.pdf}, author = {Silva, M. A. G. and Cisma{\c s}iu, C. and Chiorean, C. G.}, editor = {Iu, V.P. and Lamas, L.N. and Li, Y.-P. and Mok, K.M.} } @conference {Tue_Nov_18_10:02:55_WET_2003, title = {Ballistic Simulation of Impact on Composite Laminates}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference Constructions 2003}, volume = {2}, year = {2003}, note = {n/a}, month = {16-17 May}, pages = {139-146}, publisher = {The Technical University of Cluj-Napoca}, organization = {The Technical University of Cluj-Napoca}, address = {Cluj-Napoca, Romania}, abstract = {

The paper reports on numerical simulation of impact problems on fiber reinforced plastic composite laminated plates reinforced with Kevlar 29. The ballistic impact caused by STANAG-2920 projectile is analyzed to obtain an estimate for the V50 and the global damage. All estimate have been carried out using the finite difference numerical code AUTODYN-3D, are compared with the experimental data to illustrate the performance of the simulation. Good correlation between resulting simulations and experimental results is demonstrated both in terms of deformation and damage of the laminates and ballistic performance.

}, keywords = {Ballistic impact, Composite Materials, Non-Linear Transient Dynamics}, url = {http://www.dec.fct.unl.pt/seccoes/S_Estruturas/docentes/cornel/papers/Impact_Rom.pdf}, author = {Silva, M. A. G. and Cisma{\c s}iu, C. and Chiorean, C. G.} } @booklet {Fri_Feb_23_16:46:18_WET_2007, title = {Modela{\c c}{\~a}o computacional em engenharia civil - aulas pr{\'a}ticas. DEC/FCT}, year = {2002}, note = {

n/a

}, abstract = {

n/a

}, url = {http://www.dec.fct.unl.pt/seccoes/S_Estruturas/Modelacao_Fisica_e_Matematica_em_Engenharia/AulasPraticasHTML/AulasPraticas.html}, author = {Cisma{\c s}iu, C. and Silva, M. A. G.} }