@article {Silva1999,
	title = {{The negative ionization of sputtered carbon atoms}},
	journal = {Applied Surface Science},
	volume = {144-145},
	year = {1999},
	note = {<p>n/a</p>
},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {208{\textendash}211},
	abstract = {<p>The formation and survival probability of negative carbon ions sputtered from a graphite sample was determined. The energy distribution of Cy ions was measured experimentally and the energy distribution of all sputtered carbon atoms was obtained from a computer simulation with the program TRIM.SP. From the two distributions, we obtained the probability that a carbon atom would capture an electron from the graphite and subsequently survive as it moves away from the surface. {\.Z}. The results show two different situations. At low energy below 25 eV , the sputtered particles are all negatively ionized when the affinity level crosses the graphite Fermi level and afterwards, the population decay follows a semi-classical rate equation. {\.Z}.At higher energy above 25 eV , a velocity-dependent fraction reaches the crossing distance as neutral atoms</p>
},
	keywords = {Carbon, energy, ionization},
	issn = {01694332},
	doi = {10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00798-3},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169433298007983},
	author = {Silva, J.a.M.C and Henriques, C.M.R and O. M. N. D. Teodoro and Moutinho, A M C}
}
