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Pessanha, S., M. Alves, J. M. Sampaio, J. P. Santos, M. L. Carvalho, and M. Guerra. "A novel portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with triaxial geometry." J. Inst. 12 (2017): P01014. Abstract
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Santos, J. P., M. Guerra, and F. Parente. "New expression for the K-shell ionization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series Accepted (2011).
Santos, J. P., M. Guerra, and F. Parente. "New expression for the K-shell ionization." J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 388 (2012): 042047. AbstractWebsite

A new expression for the total K-shell ionization cross section by electron impact based on the rela- tivistic extension of the binary encounter Bethe (RBEB) model, valid from ionization threshold up to relativistic energies, is proposed. The new MRBEB expression is used to calculate the K-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact for the selenium atom. Comparison with all, to our knowledge, available experimental data shows good agreement.

Santos, J. P., M. Guerra, and F. Parente. "New expression for the K-shell ionization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 388 (2012): 042047. AbstractWebsite

A new expression for the total K-shell ionization cross section by electron impact based on the rela- tivistic extension of the binary encounter Bethe (RBEB) model, valid from ionization threshold up to relativistic energies, is proposed. The new MRBEB expression is used to calculate the K-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact for the selenium atom. Comparison with all, to our knowledge, available experimental data shows good agreement.

Surzhykov, A., J. P. Santos, P. Amaro, and P. Indelicato. "Negative-continuum effects on the two-photon decay rates of hydrogenlike ions." Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics) 80 (2009): 052511. AbstractWebsite
Two-photon decay of hydrogenlike ions is studied within the framework of second-order perturbation theory, based on the relativistic Dirac's equation. Special attention is paid to the effects arising from the summation over the negative-energy (intermediate virtual) states that occur in such a framework. In order to investigate the role of these states, detailed calculations have been carried out for the 2s1/2–>1s1/2 and 2p1/2–>1s1/2 transitions in neutral hydrogen H as well as for hydrogenlike xenon Xe53+ and uranium U91+ ions. We found that for a correct evaluation of the total and energy-differential decay rates, summation over the negative-energy part of Dirac's spectrum should be properly taken into account both for high-Z and low-Z atomic systems.
Surzhykov, A., J. P. Santos, P. Amaro, and P. Indelicato. "Negative-continuum effects on the two-photon decay rates of hydrogenlike ions." Physical Review A 80 (2009): 052511. AbstractWebsite

Two-photon decay of hydrogenlike ions is studied within the framework of second-order perturbation theory, based on the relativistic Dirac's equation. Special attention is paid to the effects arising from the summation over the negative-energy (intermediate virtual) states that occur in such a framework. In order to investigate the role of these states, detailed calculations have been carried out for the 2s1/2-->1s1/2 and 2p1/2-->1s1/2 transitions in neutral hydrogen H as well as for hydrogenlike xenon Xe53+ and uranium U91+ ions. We found that for a correct evaluation of the total and energy-differential decay rates, summation over the negative-energy part of Dirac's spectrum should be properly taken into account both for high-Z and low-Z atomic systems.

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Lopes, A., A. Gabriel, J. Machado, P. Ribeiro, R. Gomes, Jo M. P. o Coelho, C. O. Silva, C. P. Reis, J. P. Santos, and P. Vieira. "Multiple Source Phototherapy in Breast Cancer: A Viability Study." In 9th International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices, 247-250. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2016. Abstract
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Santos, J. P., J. P. Marques, F. Parente, E. Lindroth, S. Boucard, and P. Indelicato. "Multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculation of 2s1/2-2p3/2 transition energies in highly ionized bismuth, thorium, and uranium." The European Physical Journal D 1 (1998): 149-163. Abstract

Structure and QED effects for 2s1/2 and 2p3/2 levels are calculated for lithiumlike U89+ trough neonlike U82+, lithiumlike Th87+ trough neonlike Th80+ and lithiumlike Bi80+ trough neonlike Bi73+. The results of the first two sets are compared with recent measurements of the 2s1/2-2p3/2 transition energy in 3 to 10-electron ions. Good agreement with experiment is found for most of the observed lines. Forty-one possible transitions are calculated for each ion in the eight ionization states, in the experimental energy range. Twenty-eight of these transitions have not been observed, nor calculated previously. We also calculate transition rates, branching ratios, excitation and ionization cross sections and confirm that the thirteen experimental observed transitions correspond to the ones with highest relative intensities. However, we find nineteen more transitions that could be measured in a more sensitive experiment.X

Lopes, G., D. Tendeiro, J. P. Santos, and P. Vieira. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiation through the Human Retina Using Geant4.", 431-434. Vol. 41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. Abstract
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Lopes, G., D. Tendeiro, J. P. Santos, and P. Vieira. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiation through the Human Retina Using Geant4.", 431-434. Vol. 41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. Abstract
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Tendeiro, Diogo, Gonçalo Lopes, Pedro Vieira, and Jose Paulo Santos. "Monte Carlo simulation of laser beams interaction with the human eye using Geant4." BioMedical Engineering OnLine 13 (2014): 58. AbstractWebsite
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Tendeiro, Diogo, Gonçalo Lopes, Pedro Vieira, and Jose Paulo Santos. "Monte Carlo simulation of laser beams interaction with the human eye using Geant4." BioMedical Engineering OnLine 13 (2014): 58. AbstractWebsite
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Guerra, M., P. Amaro, J. Machado, and J. P. Santos. "Modified Binary-Encounter-Bethe Model for Electron Impact Ionization Cross Sections of Highly Charged Ions ." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 635 (2015): 052067. AbstractWebsite
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Guerra, M., F. Parente, P. Indelicato, and J. P. Santos. "Modified binary encounter Bethe model for electron-impact ionization." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry Accepted (2011). Abstract

Theoretical expressions for ionization cross sections by electron impact based on the binary encounter Bethe (BEB) model, valid from ionization threshold up to relativistic energies, are proposed.The new modified BEB (MBEB) and its relativistic counterpart (MRBEB) expressions are simpler than the BEB (nonrelativistic and relativistic) expressions because they require only one atomic parameter, namely the binding energy of the electrons to be ionized, and use only one scaling term for the ionization of all sub-shells.The new models are used to calculate the K-, L- and M-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact for several atoms with Z from 6 to 83.Comparisons with all, to the best of our knowledge, available experimental data show that this model is as good or better than other models, with less complexity.

Guerra, M., F. Parente, P. Indelicato, and J. P. Santos. "Modified binary encounter Bethe model for electron-impact ionization." Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 313 (2012): 1. AbstractWebsite

Theoretical expressions for ionization cross sections by electron impact based on the binary encounter Bethe (BEB) model, valid from ionization threshold up to relativistic energies, are proposed.
The new modified BEB (MBEB) and its relativistic counterpart (MRBEB) expressions are simpler than the BEB (nonrelativistic and relativistic) expressions because they require only one atomic parameter, namely the binding energy of the electrons to be ionized, and use only one scaling term for the ionization of all sub-shells.
The new models are used to calculate the K-, L- and M-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact for several atoms with Z from 6 to 83. Comparisons with all, to the best of our knowledge, available experimental data show that this model is as good or better than other models, with less complexity.

Guerra, M., F. Parente, P. Indelicato, and J. P. Santos. "Modified binary encounter Bethe model for electron-impact ionization." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 313 (2012): 1. AbstractWebsite

Theoretical expressions for ionization cross sections by electron impact based on the binary encounter Bethe (BEB) model, valid from ionization threshold up to relativistic energies, are proposed.The new modified BEB (MBEB) and its relativistic counterpart (MRBEB) expressions are simpler than the BEB (nonrelativistic and relativistic) expressions because they require only one atomic parameter, namely the binding energy of the electrons to be ionized, and use only one scaling term for the ionization of all sub-shells.The new models are used to calculate the K-, L- and M-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact for several atoms with Z from 6 to 83. Comparisons with all, to the best of our knowledge, available experimental data show that this model is as good or better than other models, with less complexity.

Santos, J. P., A. M. Costa, M. C. Martins, F. Parente, and P. Indelicato. "Modeling praseodymium K X-ray lines in an electron beam ion trap." Eur. Phys. J. D 66 (2012): 202. AbstractWebsite

We study the most important processes for the creation of excited states in He-like through C- like praseodymium ions from the ions ground configurations, leading to the emission of K X-ray lines. Theoretical values for inner-shell excitation and ionization cross sections, transition probabilities and energies for the deexcitation processes, are calculated in the framework of the multi-configuration Dirac- Fock method, including QED corrections. Using these calculated values, a theoretical Kα X-ray spectrum is obtained, which is compared to recent experimental data obtained in the Livermore Super-EBIT electron beam ion trap facility.

Santos, J. P., A. M. Costa, M. C. Martins, F. Parente, and P. Indelicato. "Modeling praseodymium K X-ray lines in an electron beam ion trap." The European Physical Journal D 66 (2012): 202. AbstractWebsite

We study the most important processes for the creation of excited states in He-like through C- like praseodymium ions from the ions ground configurations, leading to the emission of K X-ray lines. Theoretical values for inner-shell excitation and ionization cross sections, transition probabilities and energies for the deexcitation processes, are calculated in the framework of the multi-configuration Dirac- Fock method, including QED corrections. Using these calculated values, a theoretical Kα X-ray spectrum is obtained, which is compared to recent experimental data obtained in the Livermore Super-EBIT electron beam ion trap facility.

Reboredo, {Fernando Henrique}, A. Barbosa, {Maria Manuela} Silva, {Maria Luisa} Carvalho, {José Paulo} Santos, {Maria Fernanda} Pessoa, Fernando Lidon, {José C. } Ramalho, and Mauro Guerra. "Mineral Content of Food Supplements of Plant Origin, by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence: A Risk Assessment." Exposure and Health 12 (2020): 917-927. Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the elemental composition of six food supplements of plant origin, commonly sold in the Portuguese market, by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The presence of arsenic in all the Maca, Ashwagandha, Camu-Camu and Hemp protein samples (except the generic form) is a reason of concern due to the long-term effects of As mainly in its inorganic form. Thus, great caution must be taken on some food supplements, particularly the cases of Moringa from Egypt and Yellow/Xpresso Maca, whose inorganic As concentrations are in line with the upper bound concentration for the 95th dietary exposure according to the European Food Safety Authority which is 0.64 μg/kg bw/day. In what regards Hemp protein, if the supplier’s daily intake recommendation (30 g) is followed, values as high as 1.75 μg/kg bw/day of inorganic As will be consumed, which are dangerously above the upper bound. In this case this specific supplement lot should be removed from the market. Also the consumption of Hemp protein leads to a daily intake of Mn above the Daily Reference Intake (DRI) and Adequate Intakes (AIs) for adults. The contamination of Goji berries by Pb is a reason for concern—organic berries contained 11.3 μg/g while berries derived from conventional agriculture 11.6 μg/g, leading to daily intake doses of 315.3 μg and 324.8 μg, respectively, if the recommended daily intake of 28 g is followed. Our findings point out to an inadequacy of the recommended intakes by the supplier vis a vis the concentrations observed, greatly increasing the risk for public health.

Santos, J. P., and M. F. Laranjeira. Métodos Matemáticos para Físicos e Engenheiros., 2004. Abstract
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Krauth, Julian J., Karsten Schuhmann, Marwan Abdou Ahmed, Fernando D. Amaro, Pedro Amaro, François Biraben, Tzu-Ling Chen, Daniel S. Covita, Andreas J. Dax, Marc Diepold, Luis M. P. Fernandes, Beatrice Franke, Sandrine Galtier, Andrea L. Gouvea, Johannes Götzfried, Thomas Graf, Theodor W. Hänsch, Jens Hartmann, Malte Hildebrandt, Paul Indelicato, Lucile Julien, Klaus Kirch, Andreas Knecht, Yi-Wei Liu, Jorge Machado, Cristina M. B. Monteiro, Françoise Mulhauser, Boris Naar, Tobias Nebel, François Nez, Joaquim M. F. dos Santos, José Paulo Santos, Csilla I. Szabo, David Taqqu, João F. C. A. Veloso, Jan Vogelsang, Andreas Voss, Birgit Weichelt, Randolf Pohl, Aldo Antognini, and Franz Kottmann. "Measuring the $\upalpha$-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions." Nature 589 (2021): 527-531. AbstractWebsite
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Cardoso, P., T. C. Mateus, G. Velu, R. P. Singh, J. P. Santos, M. L. Carvalho, V. M. Louren{\c c}o, F. Lidon, F. Reboredo, and M. Guerra. "Localization and distribution of Zn and Fe in grains of biofortified bread wheat lines through micro- and triaxial-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry." Spectrochim. Acta Part B 141 (2018): 70-79. Abstract

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Guimarães, Diana, Maria Luisa Carvalho, Vera Geraldes, Isabel Rocha, Luís Cerqueira Alves, and Jose Paulo Santos. "Lead in liver and kidney of exposed rats: Aging accumulation study." J. Trace Elem. Med Biol. 26 (2012): 285. AbstractWebsite

The concentration of lead in liver and kidneys of Wistar rats, fed with lead since fetal period in relation to their age and to a control group, was determined. A group of rats was exposed to lead acetate (n=30) in drinking water and the other group was exposed to normal water (n=20). Samples were collected from rats aging between 1 and 11 months and were analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) without any chemical preparation. The EDXRF results were assessed by the PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) technique. The formaldehyde used to preserve the samples was also analyzed by ETAAS (Electro-Thermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) in order to verify if there was any loss of lead from the samples to the formaldehyde. We found that the loss was not significant (<2%). Concerning the mean values of the lead concentration measured in the contaminated soft tissues, in liver they range from 6 to 22μgg(-1), and in kidneys from 44 to 79μgg(-1). The control rats show, in general, values below the EDXRF detection limit (2μgg(-1)). The ratio kidney/liver ranges from 2 to 10 and is strongly positively correlated with the age of the animals. A Spearman correlation matrix to investigate the correlation between elemental concentrations and the dependence of these concentrations with age showed that there is a strong positive correlation with age for lead in the liver but not in the kidney. The correlation matrix showed also that the concentration of lead in these two soft tissues is not correlated. The lead accumulation in liver is made by different plateaus that strongly decrease with age. It was verified the existence of two levels of accumulation in kidney, not very highlighted, which might be indicative of a maximum accumulation level for lead in kidney.