José Paulo Santos

In this work, we obtained a charge state distribution inside an Ar plasma produced by an electron–cyclotron-resonance ion source. The processes that lead to the observed lines in x-ray spectra are identified and included in the simulated x-ray spectrum. The geometrical constraints of the flat double crystal spectrometer, used to measure the x-ray spectrum, are investigated as they are crucial for correctly obtaining the ion densities from the observed transition amplitudes. Multiple electron impact ionization is included, and a realistic electron velocity distribution is taken into account. The charge state distribution of the Ar ions is compared to measured extracted ionic currents.

Theoretical expressions for ionization cross sections by electron impact based on the binary encounter Bethe (BEB) model, valid from ionization threshold up to relativistic energies, are proposed.
The new modified BEB (MBEB) and its relativistic counterpart (MRBEB) expressions are simpler than the BEB (nonrelativistic and relativistic) expressions because they require only one atomic parameter, namely the binding energy of the electrons to be ionized, and use only one scaling term for the ionization of all sub-shells.
The new models are used to calculate the K-, L- and M-shell ionization cross sections by electron impact for several atoms with Z from 6 to 83. Comparisons with all, to the best of our knowledge, available experimental data show that this model is as good or better than other models, with less complexity.

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There is a need for reliable theoretical methods to calculate electron-impact total ionization cross sections for the large number of neutral atoms and ions with open shell structures. These cross sections are used in a wide range of scientific and industrial applications, such as astrophysical plasmas, atmospheric science, X-ray lasers, magnetic fusion, radiation physics, semiconductor fabrication, accelerator physics and tumor therapy physics. The binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) model [1], using an analytic formula that requires only two atomic constants, the binding energy and kinetic energy of the electrons, generates direct ionization cross sections for any neutral atom (or molecule), which are reliable in intensity (15%) and shape from the ionization threshold to a few keV in the incident energy [3], or to thousands keV if we consider its relativistic version(RBEB) [2]. In this work we present K- and L-shell ionization cross sections calculations for heavy atoms.

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There is a need for reliable theoretical methods to calculate electron-impact total ionization cross sections for the large number of neutral atoms and ions with open shell structures. These cross sections are used in a wide range of scientific and industrial applications, such as astrophysical plasmas, atmospheric science, X-ray lasers, magnetic fusion, radiation physics, semiconductor fabrication, accelerator physics and tumor therapy physics. The binary-encounter-Bethe (BEB) model [1], using an analytic formula that requires only two atomic constants, the binding energy and kinetic energy of the electrons, generates direct ionization cross sections for any neutral atom (or molecule), which are reliable in intensity (15%) and shape from the ionization threshold to a few keV in the incident energy [3], or to thousands keV if we consider its relativistic version(RBEB) [2]. In this work we present K- and L-shell ionization cross sections calculations for heavy atoms.

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 348 (2013) 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2013.02.011

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