Recent Publications

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2021
Grilo, Filipe, Chintan Shah, Steffen Kühn, René Steinbrügge, Keisuke Fujii, José Marques, Ming Feng Gu, José Paulo Santos, José Crespo R. López-Urrutia, and Pedro Amaro. "Comprehensive Laboratory Measurements Resolving the {LMM} Dielectronic Recombination Satellite Lines in Ne-like Fe xvii Ions." The Astrophysical Journal 913 (2021): 140. AbstractWebsite
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Krauth, Julian J., Karsten Schuhmann, Marwan Abdou Ahmed, Fernando D. Amaro, Pedro Amaro, François Biraben, Tzu-Ling Chen, Daniel S. Covita, Andreas J. Dax, Marc Diepold, Luis M. P. Fernandes, Beatrice Franke, Sandrine Galtier, Andrea L. Gouvea, Johannes Götzfried, Thomas Graf, Theodor W. Hänsch, Jens Hartmann, Malte Hildebrandt, Paul Indelicato, Lucile Julien, Klaus Kirch, Andreas Knecht, Yi-Wei Liu, Jorge Machado, Cristina M. B. Monteiro, Françoise Mulhauser, Boris Naar, Tobias Nebel, François Nez, Joaquim M. F. dos Santos, José Paulo Santos, Csilla I. Szabo, David Taqqu, João F. C. A. Veloso, Jan Vogelsang, Andreas Voss, Birgit Weichelt, Randolf Pohl, Aldo Antognini, and Franz Kottmann. "Measuring the $\upalpha$-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions." Nature 589 (2021): 527-531. AbstractWebsite
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Wain, Alison, Diogo Castro, {Maria Fernanda} Rollo, Frederico Nogueira, Gon{\c c}alo Santos, {Maria Gra{\c da c}a} Filipe, Isabel Tissot, {Jorge Miguel} Sampaio, {José Paulo} Santos, Manuel Lemos, Marta Manso, Matthias Tissot, Mauro Guerra, Miles Oglethorpe, Pedro Amaro, Pedro Pedroso, Rui Silva, Sofia Pessanha, and {Tiago A. N. } Silva. Cultura Material, Cultura Científica: Património Industrial para o Futuro. Portugal: Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2021. Abstract

Material, Culture, Scientific Culture: Industrial Heritage for the Future

2020
Togawa, M., S. Kühn, C. Shah, P. Amaro, R. Steinbrügge, J. Stierhof, N. Hell, M. Rosner, K. Fujii, M. Bissinger, R. Ballhausen, M. Hoesch, J. Seltmann, S. Park, F. Grilo, F. S. Porter, J. P. Santos, M. Chung, T. Stöhlker, J. Wilms, T. Pfeifer, G. V. Brown, M. A. Leutenegger, S. Bernitt, and Crespo J. R. López-Urrutia. "Observation of strong two-electron–one-photon transitions in few-electron ions." Physical Review A 102 (2020). AbstractWebsite
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Ito, Y., T. Tochio, M. Yamashita, S. Fukushima, A. M. Vlaicu, J. P. Marques, J. M. Sampaio, M. Guerra, J. P. Santos, Ł. Syrocki, K. Słabkowska, E. WÈ©der, M. Polasik, J. Rzadkiewicz, P. Indelicato, Y. Ménesguen, M.-Ch. Lépy, and F. Parente. "Structure of K$\upalpha$1,2- and K$\upbeta$1,3-emission x-ray spectra for Se, Y, and Zr." Physical Review A 102 (2020). AbstractWebsite
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Machado, Jorge, {Patrícia M. S. } Carvalho, Ana Félix, Delfin Doutel, {José Paulo} Santos, {Maria Luísa} Carvalho, and Sofia Pessanha. "Accuracy improvement in XRF analysis for the quantification of elements ranging from tenths to thousands μg g-1in human tissues using different matrix reference materials." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 35 (2020): 2920-2927. Abstract

In this work, we aim at achieving the most accurate quantitative determination of elements in human tissues by means of X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry using the external calibration approach. A calibration curve built using a set of certified reference materials (CRM) of animal tissue was compared with the one obtained with a set of CRMs of plants and leaves with lower atomic number Z but with correction of the matrix using the scattering peaks of the X-ray tube anode. Finally, a calibration curve combining the two sets of CRMs was built and the accuracy of the quantification using the three methods was compared and a more precise method of quantification was obtained. This improved approach was tested on five paired samples of normal and tumour human tissue. Despite the high heterogeneity of the samples, and given the improvement in accuracy of the measurements, significant differences were found in the elemental concentration of low-Z elements. This journal is

2019
Ménesguen, Y., {M. C. } Lépy, Y. Ito, M. Yamashita, S. Fukushima, M. Polasik, K. Słabkowska, Syrocki, E. Wȩder, P. Indelicato, {J. P. } Marques, {J. M. } Sampaio, M. Guerra, F. Parente, and {J. P. } Santos. "Precise x-ray energies of gadolinium determined by a combined experimental and theoretical approach." Journal Of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer 236 (2019). Abstract

We combined different experimental techniques with a theoretical approach to determine a consistent set of diagram lines energies and binding energies. We propose an original approach consisting in determining the mass attenuation coefficients in an energy range covering the L-, M- and N- absorption edges, including a detailed evaluation of the associated uncertainties, to derive precisely the binding energies. We investigated the Lα, Lβ and M spectra of Gd with an independantly calibrated high-resolution anti-parallel double-crystal x-ray spectrometer. All the lines were identified and found in excellent agreement with the binding energies previously derived. Morever, we identified for the first time M5−O2, M4−O2,3 and M4−N2,3 diagram lines.

2018
Ito, Y., T. Tochio, M. Yamashita, S. Fukushima, A. M. Vlaicu, Ł. Syrocki, K. Słabkowska, E. Weder, M. Polasik, K. Sawicka, P. Indelicato, J. P. Marques, J. M. Sampaio, M. Guerra, J. P. Santos, and F. Parente. "Structure of high-resolution K$\beta$1,3 x-ray emission spectra for the elements from Ca to Ge." Phys. Rev. A 97 (2018): 052505. Abstract

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Pessanha, S., C. Fonseca, J. P. Santos, M. L. Carvalho, and A. A. Dias. "Comparison of standard-based and standardless methods of quantification used in X-ray fluorescence analysis: Application to the exoskeleton of clams." X-Ray Spectrom. 47 (2018): 108-115. Abstract

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Monteiro, C. M. B., F. D. Amaro, M. S. Sousa, M. Abdou-Ahmed, P. Amaro, F. Biraben, T. Chen, D. S. Covita, A. J. Dax, M. Diepold, L. M. P. Fernandes, B. Franke, S. Galtier, A. L. Gouvêa, J. Götzfried, T. Graf, T. W. Hansch, M. Hildebrandt, P. Indelicato, L. Julien, K. Kirch, A. Knecht, F. Kottmann, J. J. Krauth, Y. Liu, J. Machado, F. Mulhauser, B. Naar, T. Nebel, F. Nez, R. Pohl, J. P. Santos, J. M. F. dos Santos, K. Schuhmann, C. I. Szabo, D. Taqqu, J. F. C. A. Veloso, and A. Antognini. "{On the double peak structure of avalanche photodiode response to monoenergetic x-rays at various temperatures and bias voltages}." J. Inst. 13 (2018): C01033. Abstract
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Amaro, Pedro, Ulisses Loureiro, Laleh Safari, Filippo Fratini, Paul Indelicato, Thomas Stohlker, and Jose Paulo Santos. "{Quantum interference in laser spectroscopy of highly charged lithiumlike ions}." Phys. Rev. A 97 (2018): 022510. Abstract
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Fratini, F., L. Safari, P. Amaro, and J. P. Santos. "{Two-photon processes based on quantum commutators}." (2018): 1-13. Abstract
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2017
Pohl, Randolf, François Nez, Luis M. P. Fernandes, Marwan Abdou Ahmed, Fernando D. Amaro, Pedro Amaro, François Biraben, João M. R. Cardoso, Daniel S. Covita, Andreas Dax, Satish Dhawan, Marc Diepold, Beatrice Franke, Sandrine Galtier, Adolf Giesen, Andrea L. Gouvea, Johannes Götzfried, Thomas Graf, Theodor W. Hänsch, Malte Hildebrandt, Paul Indelicato, Lucile Julien, Klaus Kirch, Andreas Knecht, Paul Knowles, Franz Kottmann, Julian J. Krauth, Eric-Olivier Le Bigot, Yi-Wei Liu, José A. M. Lopes, Livia Ludhova, Jorge Machado, Cristina M. B. Monteiro, Françoise Mulhauser, Tobias Nebel, Paul Rabinowitz, Joaquim M. F. dos Santos, Jose Paulo Santos, Lukas A. Schaller, Karsten Schuhmann, Catherine Schwob, Csilla I. Szabo, David Taqqu, João F. C. A. Veloso, Andreas Voss, Birgit Weichelt, and Aldo Antognini. "Laser Spectroscopy of Muonic Atoms and Ions." In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Low Energy Antiproton Physics (LEAP2016), 1-12. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2017. Abstract
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Manso, M., S. Pessanha, M. Guerra, J. L. Figueirinhas, J. P. Santos, and M. L. Carvalho. "Unveiling the Third Secret of Fátima: μ-XRF quantitative characterization and 2D elemental mapping." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 130 (2017): 35-38. AbstractWebsite

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 130 (2017) 35-38. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2017.02.006

2016
Ito, Y., T. Tochio, H. Ohashi, M. Yamashita, S. Fukushima, M. Polasik, K. Słabkowska, Ł. Syrocki, E. Szymańska, J. Rzadkiewicz, P. Indelicato, J. P. Marques, M. C. Martins, J. P. Santos, and F. Parente. "Kα1,2x-ray linewidths, asymmetry indices, and [KM]shake probabilities in elements Ca to Ge and comparison with theory for Ca, Ti, and Ge." Physical Review A 94 (2016): 042506-11. AbstractWebsite
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Amaro, Pedro, Filippo Fratini, Laleh Safari, Jorge Machado, Mauro Guerra, Paul Indelicato, and Jose Paulo Santos. "Relativistic evaluation of the two-photon decay of the metastable 1s22s2p 3P0 state in berylliumlike ions with an effective-potential model." Physical Review A 93 (2016): 032502-8. AbstractWebsite

The two-photon $1{s}^{2}2s2p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{3}{P}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1{s}^{2}{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{}^{1}{S}_{0}$ transition in berylliumlike ions is investigated theoretically within a fully relativistic framework and a second-order perturbation theory. We focus our analysis on how electron correlation, as well as the negative-energy spectrum, can affect the forbidden $E1M1$ decay rate. For this purpose, we include the electronic correlation via an effective local potential and within a single-configuration-state model. Due to its experimental interest, evaluations of decay rates are performed for berylliumlike xenon and uranium. We find that the negative-energy contribution can be neglected at the present level of accuracy in the evaluation of the decay rate. On the other hand, if contributions of electronic correlation are not carefully taken into account, it may change the lifetime of the metastable state by up to 20%. By performing a fully relativistic $jj$-coupling calculation, we find a decrease of the decay rate by two orders of magnitude compared to nonrelativistic $LS$-coupling calculations, for the selected heavy ions.

Guerra, M., C. Ferreira, M. L. Carvalho, J. P. Santos, and S. Pessanha. "Distribution of toxic elements in teeth treated with amalgam using μ-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 122 (2016): 114-117. AbstractWebsite

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 122 (2016) 114-117. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2016.06.006

2015
Safari, L., J. P. Santos, P. Amaro, K. Jankala, and F. Fratini. "Analytical evaluation of atomic form factors: Application to Rayleigh scattering." Journal of Mathematical Physics 56 (2015): 052105-9. AbstractWebsite
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Diepold, Marc, Luis M. P. Fernandes, Jorge Machado, Pedro Amaro, Marwan Abdou-Ahmed, Fernando D. Amaro, Aldo Antognini, François Biraben, Tzu-Ling Chen, Daniel S. Covita, Andreas J. Dax, Beatrice Franke, Sandrine Galtier, Andrea L. Gouvea, Johannes Götzfried, Thomas Graf, Theodor W. Hänsch, Malte Hildebrandt, Paul Indelicato, Lucile Julien, Klaus Kirch, Andreas Knecht, Franz Kottmann, Julian J. Krauth, Yi-Wei Liu, Cristina M. B. Monteiro, Françoise Mulhauser, Boris Naar, Tobias Nebel, François Nez, Jose Paulo Santos, Joaquim M. F. dos Santos, Karsten Schuhmann, Csilla I. Szabo, David Taqqu, João F. C. A. Veloso, Andreas Voss, Birgit Weichelt, and Randolf Pohl. "Improved x-ray detection and particle identification with avalanche photodiodes." Review of Scientific Instruments 86 (2015): 053102-7. AbstractWebsite
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Amaro, Pedro, Filippo Fratini, Laleh Safari, Aldo Antognini, Paul Indelicato, Randolf Pohl, and Jose Paulo Santos. "Quantum interference shifts in laser spectroscopy with elliptical polarization." Physical Review A 92 (2015): 062506-5. AbstractWebsite
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Amaro, Pedro, Beatrice Franke, Julian J. Krauth, Marc Diepold, Filippo Fratini, Laleh Safari, Jorge Machado, Aldo Antognini, Franz Kottmann, Paul Indelicato, Randolf Pohl, and Jose Paulo Santos. "Quantum interference effects in laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen, deuterium, and helium-3." Physical Review A 92 (2015): 022514-7. AbstractWebsite
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Guerra, M., S. C. Pé-Leve Santos, A. M. E. Barroso, C. P. S. Fonseca, M. Eloy Cruz, P. Amaro, J. L. Figueirinhas, M. L. Carvalho, and J. P. Santos. "Spatially resolved determination of toxic trace elements in plants of Panasqueira mining region using micro X-ray fluorescence." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21 (2015): 54-55. AbstractWebsite
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Ito, Y., T. Tochio, S. Fukushima, A. Taborda, J. M. Sampaio, J. P. Marques, F. Parente, P. Indelicato, and J. P. Santos. "Experimental and theoretical determination of the Kα2/Kα1 intensity ratio for zinc." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy andRadiative Transfer 151 (2015): 295-299. AbstractWebsite

X-ray intensity ratios, such as the Kα2/Kα1 ratio, are parameters with a large application in atomic physics and related scientific and technological areas. D.

2014
Safari, L., P. Amaro, J. P. Santos, and F. Fratini. "Angular and polarization analysis for two-photon decay of <span class="aps-inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>s</mi></mrow></math>&." Physical Review A 90 (2014): 014502. AbstractWebsite

The amplitude of two-photon transitions between hyperfine states in hydrogenlike ions is derived based on the relativistic Dirac equation and second-order perturbation theory. We study angular and linear polarization properties of the photon pair emitted in the decay of $2s$ states, where spin-flip and non-spin-flip transitions are highlighted. We pay particular attention to hydrogenlike uranium, since it is an ideal candidate for investigating relativistic and high-multipole effects, such as spin-flip transitions. Two types of emission patterns are identified: (i) non-spin-flip transitions are found to be characterized by an angular distribution of the type $W($\theta${})$\sim${}1+{cos}^{2}$\theta${}$ while the polarizations of the emitted photons are parallel; and (ii) spin-flip transitions have somewhat smaller decay rates and are found to be characterized by an angular distribution of the type $W($\theta${})$\sim${}1$-${}1/3{cos}^{2}$\theta${}$ while the polarizations of the emitted photons are orthogonal, where $$\theta${}$ is the angle between photons directions. Deviations due to nondipole and relativistic contributions are evaluated for both types of transitions. This work is the first step toward exploring the effect of the nucleus over the angular and polarization properties of the photon pairs emitted by two-photon transitions.

Safari, L., P. Amaro, J. P. Santos, and F. Fratini. "Angular and polarization analysis for two-photon decay of <span class="aps-inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>s</mi></mrow></math>&." Physical Review A 90 (2014): 014502. AbstractWebsite

The amplitude of two-photon transitions between hyperfine states in hydrogenlike ions is derived based on the relativistic Dirac equation and second-order perturbation theory. We study angular and linear polarization properties of the photon pair emitted in the decay of $2s$ states, where spin-flip and non-spin-flip transitions are highlighted. We pay particular attention to hydrogenlike uranium, since it is an ideal candidate for investigating relativistic and high-multipole effects, such as spin-flip transitions. Two types of emission patterns are identified: (i) non-spin-flip transitions are found to be characterized by an angular distribution of the type $W($\theta${})$\sim${}1+{cos}^{2}$\theta${}$ while the polarizations of the emitted photons are parallel; and (ii) spin-flip transitions have somewhat smaller decay rates and are found to be characterized by an angular distribution of the type $W($\theta${})$\sim${}1$-${}1/3{cos}^{2}$\theta${}$ while the polarizations of the emitted photons are orthogonal, where $$\theta${}$ is the angle between photons directions. Deviations due to nondipole and relativistic contributions are evaluated for both types of transitions. This work is the first step toward exploring the effect of the nucleus over the angular and polarization properties of the photon pairs emitted by two-photon transitions.