Economic and environmental concerns in planning recyclable waste collection systems - Ramos, Tania Rodrigues Pereira; Gomes, Maria Isabel; Barbosa-póvoa, Ana Paula (Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2014)
This paper addresses the planning of recyclable waste collection systems while accounting for economic and environmental concerns. Service areas and vehicle routes are defined for multiple-depot logistics networks where different products have to be collected. The problem is modeled as a multi-product, multi-depot vehicle routing problem with two objective functions: distance and CO2 emissions minimization. A decomposition solution method is developed and applied to a real case-study. Six scenarios are studied regarding different service areas configuration and different objective functions. Savings up to 22% in distance and 27% in CO2 emissions are achieved, excelling economical and environmental goals.

Effect of avatars and viewpoints on performance in virtual world: efficiency vs. telepresence - Rybarczyk; Y.; Coelho; T.; Cardoso; T.; De Oliveira R. (EAI Endorsed Transactions on Creative Technologies, 2014)

Effect of avatars and viewpoints on performance in virtual world: efficiency vs. telepresence - Y. Rybarczyk; Coelho, T; Cardoso, T.; De Oliveira, R (EAI Endorsed Transactions on Creative Technologies, 2014)
An increasing number of our interactions are mediated through e-technologies. In order to enhance the human’s feeling of presence into these virtual environments, also known as telepresence, the individual is usually embodied into an avatar. The natural adaptation capabilities, underlain by the plasticity of the body schema, of the human being make a body ownership of the avatar possible, in which the user feels more like his/her virtual alter ego than himself/herself. However, this phenomenon only occurs under specific conditions. Two experiments are designed to study the human’s feeling and performance according to a scale of natural relationship between the participant and the avatar. In both experiments, the human-avatar interaction is carried out by a Natural User Interface (NUI) and the individual’s performance is assessed through a behavioural index, based on the concept of affordances, and a questionnaire of presence The first experiment shows that the feeling of telepresence and ownership seem to be greater when the avatar’s kinematics and proportions are close to those of the user. However, the efficiency to complete the task is higher for a more mechanical and stereotypical avatar. The second experiment shows that the manipulation of the viewpoint induces a similar difference across the sessions. Results are discussed in terms of the neurobehavioral processes underlying performance in virtual worlds, which seem to be based on ownership when the virtual artefact ensures a preservation of sensorimotor contingencies, and simple geometrical mapping when the conditions become more artificial.
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The effect of the vertical component of prestress forces on the punching strength of flat slabs - Ramos, A. Pinho; Lúcio, Válter J.G.; Faria, Duarte M V (Engineering Structures, 2014)
The use of prestress in flat slabs is a common solution, mainly because it allows larger spans and thinner slabs. Nevertheless, smaller thicknesses near the slab-column connections, along with the superposition of high shear and flexural stresses, arise the question of the slab capacity to resist punching. The punching failure results from the superposition of shear and flexural stresses near the column, and is associated to the formation of a pyramidal plug of concrete which punches through the slab. It is a local and brittle failure. The use of prestress can increase the punching capacity of flat slabs-column connections.This work presents the experimental analysis of flat slab specimens with tendons under punching. Nine slabs were tested using unbonded prestress with high strength steel tendons. The influences on the punching capacity of the vertical component of the prestress forces resulting from inclined tendons near the column and their distance to the column are analysed. The in-plane compression force due to prestress was not applied to the slabs, in order to evaluate only the deviation force influence. This work aims to improve the understanding of the behaviour of prestressed flat slabs under punching load in order to properly evaluate the punching resistance of this kind of structures. The experimental punching loads are compared with the provisions of EC2, ACI 318-11 and MC2010. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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Keywords: Experimental modelling; Flat slabs; Post-tensioning; prestress; Prestressing tendons; Punching

Eggs and eggshells of crocodylomorpha from the Late Jurassic of Portugal - Russo, J.; O. Mateus; Marzola, M.; Balbino, A. (Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2014)

Elephas and other vertebrate fossils near Taghrout, Morocco - Marinheiro, J.; O. Mateus; Alaoui, A.; Amani, F.; Nami, M.; Ribeiro, C. (Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2014)

Empirical Models for Horizontal Saccadic Eye Movements - Palma, L.; Rato, R.T.; Batista, AG (Conference on Human System Interaction, 2014)

Fractional modelling of Pennes' bioheat equation using distributed order differential equations - Ferrás, L.; M. Rebelo; M. L. Morgado (14th International Conference on Computational and Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering (CMMSE 2014), 2014)

Games and the learning of mathematics outside the classroom - Rocha, H. (Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, 2014)
GAMES AND THE LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM H. Rocha Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (PORTUGAL) Playing games is a recreational activity that is also highly recognized as a potentially rich activity for the teaching and learning. It is an activity that involves the recognition and observance of rules, as well as the development of strategies to achieve victory. It is thus an activity that encourages compliance with rules but also the development of learning and therefore has a socializing character while stimulating critical thinking and analysis of situations. This is why many authors think about playing games as a problem-solving activity with great potential for the learning of mathematics. However, a review of the literature suggests that mathematical learning does not always occur, pointing to the relevance of the specific features of the game and the circumstances in which it is used. Looking to contribute to a better understanding of these issues, the project that was the basis of this study focuses on the use of games by middle school students, intending to promote their mathematical learning in a voluntary and informal context, outside the classroom. The games were available in MatLab, a room of the school supervised by mathematics teachers, which students could visit in their leisure time. In this communication I intend to analyze how the visits to MatLab contributed to the mathematical learning of students, considering the influence of specific characteristics of the games and the atmosphere created in MatLab, given the students’ previous mathematical knowledge. The study adopts a qualitative and interpretative methodological approach, undertaking two student case studies. Data collection was completed over three months and included observation of twenty visits of these students to MatLab. Data collection was made through the development of a logbook, audio record of the students’ visits and two interviews to the students and to their teacher. Data analysis was based on the evidence gathered in the light of the problem under study. The conclusions reached stress the importance of certain features of the games to promote student engagement, leading to a desire for self-improvement, very important for the development of sustained learning. Computer games have proven to have a stronger potential to engage students than board games. Nevertheless, the most important characteristics of a game seem to be related to the possibility of playing at different mathematical levels (without getting blocked by lack of knowledge) and to the possibility of keep getting better marks (without the existence of a maximum level from which evolution is not possible). In what concerns to achievement in mathematics’ classes, the students’ teacher reports an improvement in mathematics knowledge (more evident in the average achiever student) as well as an increase in students’ involvement in class work (more evident in the low achiever student). keywords: game-based learning, mathematics, informal learning.
Slides available at http://iated.org/presentations/pv_37880.pdf

Gigantism of stegosaurian osteoderms - S Hayashi; Redelstorff, R.; O. Mateus; M Watabe; K Carpenter (Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2014)

The GINSENG System for Wireless Monitoring and Control: Design and Deployment Experiences - Donovan, T.O.; Brown, J.; Bsching, F.; Alberto Cardoso; Cecílio, J.; O, J.d.; Furtado, P.; Gil, P.; Klein, A.; Poettner, W.; Roedig, U.; Jorge Sá Silva; et al. (ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, 2014)
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Hot-mix asphalt compaction evaluation with field tests - Rui Micaelo; J. Ribeiro; Azevedo, M (The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 2014)

Influence of prestressing on the punching strength of post-tensioned slabs - Clement, Thibault; Ramos, Antonio Pinho; Ruiz, Miguel Fernandez; Muttoni, Aurelio (Engineering Structures, 2014)
Previous researches on punching of post-tensioned slabs have shown a number of phenomena significantly influencing their strength and behaviour. However, no general agreement is yet found on a physical theory (either in codes of practice or in design models) suitably describing the influence of prestressing and how should it be accounted on the punching shear behaviour. In this paper, the authors present the results of tests on 15 slabs (3000. ??. 3000. ??. 250. mm) tested to failure under different loading conditions. The aim of the tests was to investigate in a separate manner the different actions induced by prestressing on the punching shear strength (in-plane forces, bending moments and bonded tendons). These results are finally investigated on the basis of the physical model of the Critical Shear Crack Theory. The fundamentals of this theory are presented and adapted to post-tensioned slabs, providing a rational explanation of the observed phenomena and measured strengths. ?? 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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Keywords: Critical Shear Crack theory; In-plane forces; Post-tensioned slabs; Prestressing tendons; Punching

The influence of teacher’s knowledge for teaching mathematics with technology on the implementation of investigation tasks - Rocha, H. (Proceedings of 8th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, 2014)

Inhibition of LOX by flavonoids: a structure-activity relationship study. - Ribeiro, D; Freitas, M; Tomé, SM; Silva, AM; Porto, G; Cabrita, E. J.; Marques, M. M.; Fernandes, E (European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2014)
The lipoxygenase (LOX) products have been identified as mediators of a series of inflammatory diseases, namely rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, allergic rhinitis, atherosclerosis and certain types of cancer. Hence, LOX inhibitors are of interest for the modulation of these phenomena and resolution of the inflammatory processes. During LOX activity, peroxyl radical complexes are part of the reaction and may function as sources of free radicals. Thus antioxidants, such as flavonoids, capable of inhibiting lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals, may act as LOX inhibitors. The aim of this work was to assess the structure–activity relationship among a series of flavonoids concerning 5-LOX inhibition, through a systematic study of the inhibition of the formation of LTB4 in human neutrophils. The type of inhibition of the flavonoids was further studied using soybean LOX, type I, and Saturation Transfer Difference 1H NMR (STD-1H NMR) was used to characterize the binding epitopes of the compounds to LOX-1. The obtained results reinforce flavonoids as effective inhibitors of LTB4 production in human neutrophils. It was also possible to establish a structure/activity relationship for the inhibitory activity and the type of inhibition.

Innovative and Creative Developments in Multimodal Interaction Systems: 9th Ifip Wg 5.5 International Summer Workshop on Multimodal Interfaces, Enterface 2013, Lisbon, Portugal, July 15-August 9, 2013, Proceedings - Rybarczyk, Yves; Cardoso, Tiago; Rosas, João; Camarinha-Matos, Luis M (Springer, 2014)
This book contains the outcome of the 9th IFIP WG 5.5 International Summer Workshop on Multimodal Interfaces, eNTERFACE 2013, held in Lisbon, Portugal, in July/August 2013. The 9 papers included in this book represent the results of a 4-week workshop, where senior and junior researchers worked together on projects tackling new trends in human-machine interaction (HMI). The papers are organized in two topical sections. The first one presents different proposals focused on some fundamental issues regarding multimodal interactions, i.e., telepresence, speech synthesis and interactive modeling. The second is a set of development examples in key areas of HMI applications, i.e., education, entertainment and assistive technologies.
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Ion Jelly Conductive Properties Using Dicyanamide-Based Ionic Liquids - T. Carvalho; V. Augusto; Rocha, A.; Lourenco, N. M. T.; N. T. Correia; S. Barreiros; P. Vidinha; Cabrita, E. J.; Dionisio, M. (Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2014)
The thermal behavior and transport properties of several ion jellys (IJs), a composite that results from the combination of gelatin with an ionic liquid (IL), were investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PFG NMR). Four different ILs containing the dicyanamide anion were used: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (BMIMDCA), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIMDCA), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide (BMPyrDCA), and 1-butylpyridinium dicyanamide (BPyDCA); the bulk ILs were also investigated for comparison. A glass transition was detected by DSC for all materials, ILs and IJs, allowing them to be classified as glass formers. Additionally, an increase in the glass transition temperature upon dehydration was observed with a greater extent for IJs, attributed to a greater hindrance imposed by the gelatin matrix after water removal, rendering the IL less mobile. While crystallization is observed for some ILs with negligible water content, it was never detected for any IJ upon thermal cycling, which persist always as fully amorphous materials. From DRS measurements, conductivity and diffusion coefficients for both cations (D+) and anions (D–) were extracted. D+ values obtained by DRS reveal excellent agreement with those obtained from PFG NMR direct measurements, obeying the same VFTH equation over a large temperature range (ΔT ≈ 150 K) within which D+ varies around 10 decades. At temperatures close to room temperature, the IJs exhibit D values comparable to the most hydrated (9%) ILs. The IJ derived from EMIMDCA possesses the highest conductivity and diffusion coefficient, respectively, 10–2 S·cm–1 and 10–10 m2·s–1. For BMPyrDCA the relaxational behavior was analyzed through the complex permittivity and modulus formalism allowing the assignment of the detected secondary relaxation to a Johari–Goldstein process. Besides the relevant information on the more fundamental nature providing physicochemical details on ILs behavior, new doorways are opened for practical applications by using IJ as a strategy to produce novel and stable electrolytes for different electrochemical devices.

KINECT-SIGN: Teaching Sign Language to "Listeners" through a Game - Cardoso, Tiago; Gameiro, João; Rosas, João; Rybarczyk, Yves (nternational Summer Workshop on Multimodal Interfaces - Enterface 2013 Proceedings, 2014)
Sign language is the hearing impaired form of communicating with other people, including listeners. Most cases, impaired people have learned sign language form childhood. The problem arises when a listener comes in contact with an impaired person. For instances, if a couple has a child which is impaired, the parents find a challenge to learn the sign language. In this article, a new playful approach to assist the listeners to learn sign language is proposed. This proposal is a serious game composed of two modes: School-mode and Competition-mode. The first offers a virtual school where the user learns to sign letters and the second offers an environment towards applying the learned letters. Behind the scenes, the proposal contains a sign language recognition system, based on three modules: 1 – the standardization of the Kinect depth camera data; 2 – a gesture library relying on the standardized data; and 3 – the real-time recognition of gestures. A prototype was developed – Kinect-Sign – and tested in a Portuguese Sign-Language school and on eNTERFACE’13 resulting in a joyful acceptance of the approach.

MATER: a matemática como uma perspetiva sobre o planeta Terra - Oitavem, I.; Rocha, H. (2014)

Mathematics teaching in Education and Training Courses - Rocha, H. (Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies, 2014)
MATHEMATICS TEACHING IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING COURSES H. Rocha Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (PORTUGAL) Education and Training Courses have been specifically designed to the high number of young people in a situation of school dropout and in transition to working life, particularly those who enter the labor market early with insufficient levels of schooling and professional training. Mathematics is one of the curriculum components of these courses, for its contribution to the exercise of citizenship in a democratic society. Being an important part of the cultural legacy of our society is too often seen by students as a source of exclusion. It is known that young people who enter these courses often had an experience of underachievement in the discipline, what justifies that motivating students is at once the great challenge faced by the teacher. The program suggests taking a more concrete and linked to reality approach, allowing students to learn to recognize the mathematics in the world around them and using technology to promote that learning. However, it is the teacher who is responsible for managing its implementation, shaping the learning situations and integrating them in a coherent and articulated way in the specific course that students attend. In what concerns to assessment, the program also takes into account the usual characteristics of the students. Thus, the assessment includes a strong appreciation of students’ work, its presentation and discussion and further improvement of that work. The directions given to the teacher diverge from the traditional option of the evaluation test, providing guidelines to the form that each evaluation can take depending on the contents in study. However, once again, the teacher's role in curriculum management is not neglected, being valued the adequacy of proposals to the characteristics of the students. The study presented here had as its main goal to analyze and understand the choices made by the teacher during the different stages of his practice, giving attention to the dilemmas he faced and to the reasons he took into account when making decisions. The study adopts a qualitative and interpretative methodological approach, undertaking one teacher case study. Data collection included semi-structured interviews, classroom observation and document collection. Data analysis was based on the evidence gathered in the light of the problem under study. The conclusions of the study point to the important role of technology and suggest that the reduction of prerequisites, the intention of taking into account the students’ interests and the desire of improving students culture is central in what concerns to task selection; while the active involvement of students characterized the implementation of the classes. The dilemmas faced by the teacher focus mainly on the relative importance and on the demanding level that he should give to each content, as well as the articulation that he should promote between formal and intuitive knowledge. In what concerns to assessment, the results achieved highlight the impact that students ideas can have on teacher’s practice, conducting to the inclusion of tests as an assessment element, against the teacher’s intentions. keywords: education and training courses, mathematics, innovation, technology.
Slides available at http://iated.org/presentations/pv_37897.pdf

Mécanismes d’Appropriation Sensorimotrice de Systèmes Télérobotisés - Y. Rybarczyk (Presses Académiques Francophones, 2014)

Meshfree methods for nonhomogeneous Brinkman flows - N. Martins; M. Rebelo (Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 2014)

Microwave-Assisted Protocols Applied to the Synthesis of 1′,2,3,3′,4,4′-Hexa-O-benzylsucrose - C.D. Raposo; K. T. Petrova; M. T. Barros (Synthetic Commun, 2014)

Modelling a Competitive Antibody/Antigen Chemical Reaction that Occurs in the Fluorescence Capillary-Fill Device - M. Rebelo; Diogo, T.; S. McKee (Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2012, 2014)

New Quaternary fossil sites from the Middle Atlas of Morocco - Marinheiro, J.; O. Mateus; Alaoui, A.; Amani, F.; Nami, M.; Ribeiro, C. (Comunicações Geológicas, 2014)
The paleontological richness of Morocco has been scientifically known since at least the early 20th century. The region of the Middle Atlas, more specifically the Boulemane area, has been however only sparsely studied since the 1960s when it provided vertebrate fossils from the Middle Jurassic. In September 2013, a Moroccan-Portuguese expedition to the village of Taghrout, Boulemane, made excavations in a Pleistocene fossil site that once was a small high-altitude sedimentary basin, uncharted in previous geological maps. The excavations yielded bone material from large mammals, the most common findings are elephants ascribed to Elephas, but artiodactyls, turtles, and in-situ Acheulean tools were also collected. This represents a new and important paleontological and archeological site. In addition to the discoveries of Taghrout, the expedition also retrieved Quaternary vertebrate material from a nearby cave and found new Jurassic localities, with arcosaur bones and dinosaur footprints, in El Mers.

On the efficiency of flat slabs strengthening against punching using externally bonded fibre reinforced polymers - Duarte, Duarte M.; Einpaul, Jurgen; Ramos, António M.; Fernandez Ruiz, Miguel; Muttoni, Aurelio (Construction and Building Materials, 2014)
One possibility for strengthening existing flat slabs consists on gluing fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) at the concrete surface. When applied on top of slab-column connections, this technique allows increasing the flexural stiffness and strength of the slab as well as its punching strength. Nevertheless, the higher punching strength is associated to a reduction on the deformation capacity of the slab-column connection, which can be detrimental for the overall behaviour of the structure (leading to a more brittle behaviour of the system). Design approaches for this strengthening technique are usually based on empirical formulas calibrated on the basis of the tests performed on isolated test specimens. However, some significant topics as the reduction on the deformation capacity or the influence of the whole slab (accounting for the reinforcement at mid-span) on the efficiency of the strengthening are neglected. In this paper, a critical review of this technique for strengthening against punching shear is investigated on the basis of the physical model proposed by the Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT). This approach allows taking into account the amount, layout and mechanical behaviour of the bonded FRP's in a consistent manner to estimate the punching strength and deformation capacity of strengthened slabs. The approach is first used to predict the punching strength of available test data, showing a good agreement. Then, it is applied in order to investigate strengthened continuous slabs, considering moment redistribution after concrete cracking and reinforcement yielding. This latter study provides valuable information regarding the differences between the behaviour of isolated test specimens and real strengthened flat slabs. The results show that empirical formulas calibrated on isolated specimens may overestimate the actual performance of FRP's strengthening. Finally, taking advantage of the physical model of the CSCT, the effect of the construction sequence on the punching shear strength is also evaluated, revealing the role of this issue which is also neglected in most empirical approaches.
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Keywords: Construction sequence; Continuous slabs; Critical Shear Crack theory; Fibre reinforced polymer strengthening; Flat slabs; Internal forces redistribution; Punching shear

On the rate of convergence of uniform approximations for sequences of distribution functions - Luís P. Ramos; João Lita da Silva (Journal of the Korean Statistical Society, 2014)
In this paper, we develop uniform bounds for the sequence of distribution functions of g(Vn+μn), wheregis some smooth function,is a sequence of identically distributed random variables with common distribution having a bounded derivative and {μn} are constants such that μn→∞. These bounds allow us to identify a suitable sequence of random variables which is asymptotically of the same type of g(Vn+μn) showing that the rate of convergence for these uniform approximations depends on the ratio of the second derivative to the first derivative ofg. The corresponding generalization to the multivariate case is also analyzed. An application of our results to the STATIS-ACT method is provided in the final section.

On the use of IT for treating aphasic patients: a 3D web-based solution - Rodrigues; F.; Rybarczyk; Y.; Gonçalves M.J. (13th International Conference on Applications of Computer Engineering, 2014)

One electron reduced square planar bis(benzene-1,2-dithiolato) copper dianionic complex and redox switch by O2/HO- - Maiti, Biplab K.; Maia, Luisa B.; Pal, Kuntal; Pakhira, Bholanath; Aviles, Teresa; Moura, Isabel; Pauleta, Sofia R; Nunez, Jose L.; Rizzi, Alberto C.; Brondino, Carlos D.; Sarkar, Sabyasachi; Moura, Jose J. G. (Inorganic Chemistry, 2014)
http://docentes.fct.unl.pt/lblm/files/inorgchem-2014-53-12799.pdf

Os problemas de Hilbert - R. Kahle; Oitavem, I.; Rocha, H. (Educação e Matemática, 2014)

Os problemas de Hilbert - R. Kahle; Oitavem, I.; Rocha, H. (Educação e Matemática, 2014)

Phase transformation and microstructural evolution after heat treatment of a terbium-doped lithium–aluminum phosphate glass - Roque S. Soares , Regina C. C. Monteiro, Maria M. R. A. Lima, Bogdan A. Sava, Mihail Elisa (J Mater Sci, 2014)

Planning a sustainable reverse logistics system: balancing costs with environmental and social concerns - Ramos, Tania Rodrigues Pereira; Gomes, Maria Isabel; Barbosa-póvoa, Ana Paula (Omega, 2014)
The present work aims to support tactical and operational planning decisions of reverse logistics systems while considering economical, environmental and social objectives. In the literature, when addressing such systems economical aspects have been often used, while environmental concerns have been only recently emerging. The social component is the one less studied, and rarely the combination of the three concerns has been analyzed. This work address the three objectives and was motivated by the challenge of supporting decisions makers when managing a real case study of a recyclable waste collection system, where strategic decisions on the number and location of depots, vehicles and containers were taken beforehand. Tactical and operational decisions are studied involving the establishment of service areas for each depot and the definition and scheduling of collection routes for each vehicle. Such decisions should represent a compromise solution between the three objectives considered and support a sustainable reverse logistics plan. A multi-objective solution approach based on mixed-integer linear programming models is developed. Trade-offs between the objectives are discussed. Moreover the solutions obtained when each objective is tackled individually are compared between themselves and with the balanced solution.

Práticas de avaliação sumativa na disciplina de Matemática Aplicada de um Curso de Educação e Formação - Rocha, H. (Atas do VI Seminário Luso-Brasileiro Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais, 2014)
Os Cursos de Educação e Formação (CEF) foram concebidos tendo presente o elevado número de jovens em situação de abandono escolar, alunos usualmente marcados por experiências de insucesso, em particular a Matemática. O programa de Matemática Aplicada tem em conta esta realidade, tanto ao nível das aprendizagens como das metodologias e das características da avaliação a implementar. Relativamente à avaliação sumativa, é valorizado o trabalho desenvolvido pelo aluno, a sua apresentação, discussão e melhoria. As indicações dadas ao professor afastam-se da opção tradicional do teste de avaliação. O papel do professor na gestão curricular não é contudo negligenciado, sendo valorizada a adequação das propostas às características dos alunos. Este estudo pretende analisar as concepções de alunos e professores relativamente à avaliação sumativa, procurando compreender a forma como se influenciam mutuamente e como afectam a prática de avaliação do professor. Foram realizados três estudos de caso, incidindo sobre alunos e respectivo professor. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevistas, observação de aulas e recolha documental. Os resultados alcançados sugerem uma forte valorização dos testes por parte dos alunos, sendo notória a influência sobre as opções assumidas pelo professor. Determinantes parecem ser as concepções dos alunos relativamente ao papel de alunos e professores no que à avaliação respeita.

Preliminary Magnetostratigraphy for the Jurassic–Cretaceous Transition in Porto da Calada, Portugal - Salminen, Johanna; Dinis, Jorge; Mateus,Octávio (STRATI 2013 First International Congress on Stratigraphy At the Cutting Edge of Stratigraphy, 2014)
We present a stratigraphic log supporting a preliminary magnetostratigraphy of a Tithonian–Berriasian section in Porto da Calada (Portugal). Based on biostratigraphy and reversed and normal magnetostratigraphy, the location of the Tithonian–Berriasian boundary is tentatively located at ca. 52 m, not in disagreement with former proposals. Due to the occurrence of later remagnetization (diagenesis), the magnetostratigraphic definition of the Tithonian–Berriasian section at the Cabo Espichel (Portugal) location was not able to be established.

Processos de mudança associados às práticas de avaliação nos Cursos de Educação e Formação de Adultos - Rocha, H. (Atas do XII Congresso da SPCE, 2014)
Os cursos de Educação e Formação de Adultos prevêem uma avaliação que se afasta do tradicionalmente implementado nas escolas, propiciando o emergir de processos de mudança. Neste estudo analisa-se a forma como um formador concretiza a avaliação, ponderando continuidades e descontinuidades relativamente a práticas anteriores, com a intenção de caracterizar o inerente processo de mudança e os factores que o influenciam. As conclusões obtidas sugerem um processo de mudança complexo, cuja necessidade não é verdadeiramente reconhecida, e onde parece ser determinante a reflexão do formador sobre os formandos, o contexto existente e algumas opções ao nível local da escola.

Rate of Convergence of some Asymptotic Expansions for Distribution Approximations via an Esseen Type Estimate - Manuel L. Esquível; João Lita da Silva; João Tiago Mexia; Luís Ramos (Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 2014)
Some asymptotic expansions not necessarily related to the central limit theorem are studied. We first observe that the smoothing inequality of Esseen implies the proximity, in the Kolmogorov distance sense, of the distributions of the random variables of two random sequences satisfying a sort of general asymptotic relation. We then present several instances of this observation. A first example, partially motivated by the the statistical theory of high precision measurements, is given by a uniform asymptotic approximation to gX + nn∈, where g is some smooth function, X is a random variable and nn∈ is a sequence going to infinity; a multivariate version is also stated and proved. We finally present a second class of examples given by a randomization of the interesting parameter in some classical asymptotic formulas; namely, a generic Laplace’s type integral, randomized by the sequence nXn∈, X being a Gamma distributed random variable.

Reabilitação Estrutural de Edifícios com Pós-Tensão - Válter Lúcio; Faria, Duarte; António Ramos; Ferreira, João (ReHabend 2014, 2014)
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Reestruturação de áreas de influência e de rotas de veículos num sistema de recolha de resíduos recicláveis - Ramos, Tania Rodrigues Pereira; Gomes, Maria Isabel; Póvoa, Ana Paula Barbosa (Investigação Operacional em Ação. Casos de Aplicação, 2014)
(em português)

Reforço de Lajes Fungiformes com Betão Complementar Armado na Face Tracionada - Válter Lúcio; Hugo Fernandes; António Ramos (2014)

The role of endogenous and exogenous FTA in the European High-Speed Railway Innovation System: CTA as the next step? - Moretto, S.; Moniz, António; Robinson, D. (5th JRC “Future-oriented technology analysis" (FTA) conference, 2014)

SFRC flat slabs punching behaviour - Experimental research - Gouveia, Nuno D.; Fernandes, Nelson A G; Faria, Duarte M V; Ramos, António M P; Lúcio, Válter J.G. (Composites Part B: Engineering, 2014)
The use of randomly distributed steel fibres in the concrete mix improves its mechanical properties. In the particular case of a flat slab-column connection, this solution can provide slabs with an increased load capacity and deformation capacity, allowing a potential reduction of reinforcement. This work presents the experimental study of the behaviour of SFRC flat slabs up to failure under a concentrated loading, accompanied by the study of the mechanical properties of the SFRC, which consisted in three-point loading notched beams, compression and splitting tests. In this study, the hooked end steel fibre dosages varied between 0{%} and 1.25{%} by volume. Test results showed that the inclusion of steel fibres influences both slab stiffness and its load capacity. Increments of load capacity up to 64{%} were obtained in slabs with SFRC compared with the reference slab without fibres. The experimental results were compared with the predictions provided by several existing models. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Keywords: A. Discontinuous reinforcement; B. Strength; D. Mechanical testing; Punching

Single-Objective Optimization Methodology for the Design of RF Integrated Inductors - Passos, F.; Fino, M.H.; Roca, E. (Doctoral Conference on Computing, Electrical and Industrial Systems - DoCEIS'14, Technological Innovation for Collective Awareness Systems, 2014)

SSaaPP: SpreadSheets as a Programming Paradigm – Project's Final Report - Abreu, Rui; Tiago Alves; Belo, Orlando; José C. Campos; Cunha, Jácome; Fernandes, João Paulo; Martins, Pedro; Mendes, Jorge; Hugo Pacheco; Christophe Peixoto; Rui Pereira; Perez, Alexandre; et al. (HASLab - High-Assurance Software Laboratory & Universidade do Minho, 2014)
This technical report describes the research goals and results of the SpreadSheet as a Programming Paradigm research project. This was a project funded by Fundação para a Ciencia e Tecnologia – FCT: the Portuguese research foundation, under reference FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-010048, that ran from May 2010 till July 2013. This report includes the complete document reporting the results achieved during the project execution, which was submitted to FCT for evaluation on October 2013. It describes the goals of the project, and the different research tasks presenting the deliver- ables of each of them. It also presents the management and result dissemination work performed during the project's execution. The document includes also a self assess- ment of the achieved results, and a complete list of scientific publications describing the contributions of the project. Finally, this document includes the FCT evaluation report.
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The teacher and the integration of the graphing calculator viewing window in the teaching of mathematics - Rocha, H. (Proceedings of 8th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, 2014)

Touching virtual agents: embodiment and mind - Huisman; G.; Bruijnes; M.; Kolkmeier; J.; Jung; M.; Frederiks; A.D.; Rybarczyk Y. (Innovative and Creative Developments in Multimodal Interaction Systems, 2014)

Two new theropod egg sites from the Late Jurassic Lourinhã Formation, Portugal - V Ribeiro; O. Mateus; Holwerda, F.; Araújo, R.; Castanhinha, R (Historical Biology, 2014)
Two new Late Jurassic (uppermost Late Kimmeridgian) dinosaur eggshell sites are described, Casal da Rola and Porto das Barcas, both near Lourinha˜, central-west Portugal. Casal da Rola yields eggshells with an obliquiprismatic morphotype comparable to those from a nest with the associated fossil embryos from Paimogo, tentatively assigned to the theropod Lourinhanosaurus antunesi. The Porto das Barcas eggshells have a dendrospherulitic morphotype with a prolatocanaliculate pore system. This morphotype was also recognised in eggshells from a clutch with associated Torvosaurus embryos at the Porto das Barcas locality. A preliminary cladistic analysis of eggshell morphology suggests theropod affinities for the Casal da Rola eggs, but is unable to resolve the phylogenetic position of the Porto das Barcas eggs. The eggshells at both sites are preserved in distal flood plain mudstones and siltstones. Carbonate concretions within the deposits indicate paleosol development.

Uma caracterização dos jogos com maior potencial para estimular a aprendizagem matemática - Rocha, H. (Atas do XII Congresso da SPCE, 2014)
Reconhecendo o potencial do jogo para a aprendizagem matemática, este estudo pretende analisar o envolvimento e as aprendizagens dos alunos, com o objectivo de caracterizar os jogos com maior potencial para os promover. Adoptando uma metodologia de índole qualitativa e envolvendo a realização de estudos de caso sobre alunos do 7.ºano, as conclusões alcançadas sugerem que os jogos de computador são particularmente apelativos para os alunos. Contudo, as características determinantes para o envolvimento dos alunos e consequente promoção da aprendizagem prendem-se com a possibilidade de jogar com diferentes níveis de conhecimento e com a obtenção de bons resultados no jogo.

Uniform approximations for distributions of continuous random variables with application in dual STATIS method - Luís Ramos; João Lita da Silva (REVSTAT, 2014)

Utilização, uso ou integração da tecnologia: contributo para a clarificação de um conceito - Rocha, H. (Actas do XXV SIEM, 2014)
Abstract. The recognition of the potential of technology for the teaching and learning of mathematics has encouraged many studies around technology. In all these studies, the integration, the utilization or the use of technology is (or should be) necessarily an important element. In this paper I consider the most common terminologies present in research and the meaning assigned to them, based on a research review and on the analysis of the studies presented in SIEM over the last five years. The conclusions reached suggest a diversity of understandings and a lack of explicitness of these understandings. However, different types of technology use seem to be recognized, usually associated with continuity or change of practices. The teacher's role and a more directive or more student-centered approach, associated with a change in the proposed tasks, are also mentioned. In what concerns to the terminology adopted, there is great diversity, with cases of differentiation in terms of some of the elements listed and cases of adoption of multiple terms with apparently identical meanings. Resumo. O reconhecimento das potencialidades da tecnologia para o ensino e aprendizagem da Matemática tem motivado diversos estudos em torno da tecnologia. Em todos eles a integração, a utilização ou o uso que é feito da tecnologia é (ou deveria ser) necessariamente um elemento importante. Neste artigo procuro ponderar as terminologias mais comuns na investigação e o significado que lhes é atribuído, partindo de uma revisão de literatura e analisando os estudos apresentados no SIEM nos últimos cinco anos. As conclusões alcançadas apontam para uma diversidade de entendimentos e para uma ausência de explicitação desses entendimentos. Ainda assim, parecem ser reconhecidos diferentes tipos de utilização da tecnologia, geralmente associados à manutenção ou alteração das anteriores práticas. O papel do professor e o assumir de uma postura mais diretiva ou mais centrada no aluno, associada a uma alteração relativamente às tarefas propostas, são igualmente referidos. Quanto à terminologia adotada, a diversidade é grande, com casos de diferenciação em função de alguns dos elementos referidos e com casos de adoção de múltiplos termos aparentemente com significados idênticos.

Versatility of human body control through low-cost electromyographic interface - Bernardino; A.; Rybarczyk; Y.; Barata J. (13th International Conference on Applications of Computer Engineering, 2014)

Biochemical, Stabilization and Crystallization Studies on a Molecular Chaperone (PaoD) Involved in the Maturation of Molybdoenzymes - Otrelo-Cardoso, Ana Rita; Schwuchow, Viola; Rodrigues, David; Cabrita, Eurico J.; Leimkuehler, Silke; Romao, Maria Joao; Santos-Silva, Teresa (Plos One, 2014)
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Crocodylomorph eggs and eggshells from the Lourinhã Fm. (Upper Jurassic), Portugal - Russo, J.; O. Mateus; Balbino, A.; Marzola, M. (Comunica\\c cões Geológicas, 2014)
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Crocodylomorph eggs and eggshells from the Lourinhã Fm. (Upper Jurassic), Portugal - Russo, J.; O. Mateus; Balbino, A.; Marzola, M. (Comunica\\c cões Geológicas, 2014)
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Crocodylomorph eggs and eggshells from the Lourinhã Fm. (Upper Jurassic), Portugal - Russo, J.; O. Mateus; Balbino, A.; Marzola, M. (Comunica\\c cões Geológicas, 2014)
We here present fossil Crocodylomorpha eggshells from the Upper Jurassic Lourinhã Formation of Portugal, recovered from five sites: one nest from Cambelas with 13 eggs, and three partial eggs and various fragments from, Paimogo N (I), Paimogo S (II), Casal da Rola, and Peralta. All specimens but the nest were found in association with dinosaur egg material. Our research reveals that on a micro- and ultrastructural analysis, all samples present the typical characters consistent with crocodiloid eggshell morphotype, such as the shell unit shape, the organization of the eggshell layers, and the triangular blocky extinction observed with crossed nicols. We assign the material from the Lourinhã Formation to the oofamily Krokolithidae, making it the oldest crocodylomorph eggs known so far, as well as the best record for eggs of non- crocodylian crocodylomorphs. Furthermore, our study indicates that the basic structure of crocodiloid eggshells has remained stable since at least the Upper Jurassic.
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Development of novel auxetic structures based on braided composites - P. Subramani; S. Rana; D.V. Oliveira; R. Fangueiro; J. Xavier (Materials & Design, 2014)
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Keywords: Auxetic structure; Braided composite rods; Image-based tracking; Poisson's ratio

Ecological networks: Delving into the architecture of biodiversity - Heleno, R.; Garcia, C.; Jordano, P.; Traveset, A.; Gómez, J.M.; Blüthgen, N.; Memmott, J.; Moora, M.; Cerdeira, J.; Rodríguez-Echeverría, S.; Freitas, H.; Olesen, J.M. (Biology Letters, 2014)
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Effect of greenhouse conditions on the leaf apoplastic proteome of Coffea arabica plants - Guerra-Guimaraes, Leonor; Vieira, Ana; Chaves, Ines; Pinheiro, Carla; Queiroz, Vagner; Renaut, Jenny; Ricardo, Candido P. (Journal of proteomics, 2014)
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Effect of greenhouse conditions on the leaf apoplastic proteome of Coffea arabica plants - Guerra-Guimaraes, Leonor; Vieira, Ana; Chaves, Ines; Pinheiro, Carla; Queiroz, Vagner; Renaut, Jenny; Ricardo, Candido P. (Journal of proteomics, 2014)
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Eu3+ luminescence in aluminophosphate glasses - Nico, C.a; Fernandes, R.a; Graça, M.P.F.a; Elisa, M.b; Sava, B.A.b; Monteiro, R.C.C.c; Rino, L.a; Monteiro, T.a (Journal of Luminescence, 2014)
With a 4f6 electronic configuration, europium ions in the trivalent charge state are known to be efficient activators in wide band gap matrices. Embedded in the aluminophosphate (Li2O-BaO-Al 2O3-La2O3-P2O 5) glasses the optically activated Eu3+ ions lead to intense room temperature orange/red luminescence with 16-23 Cd/m2 by using ultraviolet pumping. The as-prepared and heat treated europium doped glasses for temperatures below and above Tg were studied by room temperature Raman spectroscopy, absorption, photoluminescence excitation, temperature dependent and time dependent photoluminescence. When the samples are excited by 325 nm wavelength photons, an enhancement of the red luminescence intensity by ca. one order of magnitude was found to occur for temperatures between 14 K and 350 K, for all the doped glasses. On the other hand, by using resonant excitation on the 5L6 Eu3+ excited state (λexc 390 nm) the ion emission intensity was found to be nearly constant for temperatures up to 500 K. For higher temperatures a steeper decrease of the luminescence intensity occurs due to non-radiative competitive channels described by activation energies of ca. 235 meV and 450 meV by using 325 and 390 nm wavelength photons as excitation, respectively. The lifetime of the 5D0 level in these glasses is ca. 2.93 ms. A discussion of the thermal population and de-excitation mechanisms is performed. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
cited By 10

Experimental optimization of a passive planar rhombic micromixer with obstacles for effective mixing in a short channel length - Bernacka-Wojcik, Iwona; Ribeiro, Susana; Wojcik, Pawel Jerzy; Alves, Pedro Urbano; Busani, Tito; Fortunato, Elvira; Baptista, Pedro Viana; Covas, José António; Águas, Hugo; Hilliou, Loic; others (RSC Advances, 2014)
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Maize IgE binding proteins: each plant a different profile? - Fonseca, Catia; Planchon, Sebastien; Pinheiro, Carla; Renaut, Jenny; Ricardo, Candido Pinto; Oliveira, M. Margarida; Batista, Rita (Proteome science, 2014)
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Times Cited: 0 0

Maize IgE binding proteins: each plant a different profile? - Fonseca, Catia; Planchon, Sebastien; Pinheiro, Carla; Renaut, Jenny; Ricardo, Candido Pinto; Margarida Oliveira, M.; Batista, Rita (Proteome Science, 2014)
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New insights on vanadium binding to human serum transferrin - Pessoa, Joao Costa; Goncalves, Gisela; Roy, Somnath; Correia, Isabel; Mehtab, Sameena; Santos, Marino F. A.; Santos-Silva, Teresa (Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2014)
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New Quaternary fossil sites from the Middle Atlas of Morocco - Marinheiro, J.; O. Mateus; Alaoui, A.; Amani, F.; Nami, M.; Ribeiro, C. (Comunica\\c cões Geológicas, 2014)
The paleontological richness of Morocco has been scientifically known since at least the early 20th century. The region of the Middle Atlas, more specifically the Boulemane area, has been however only sparsely studied since the 1960s when it provided vertebrate fossils from the Middle Jurassic. In September 2013, a Moroccan-Portuguese expedition to the village of Taghrout, Boulemane, made excavations in a Pleistocene fossil site that once was a small high-altitude sedimentary basin, uncharted in previous geological maps. The excavations yielded bone material from large mammals, the most common findings are elephants ascribed to Elephas, but artiodactyls, turtles, and in-situ Acheulean tools were also collected. This represents a new and important paleontological and archeological site. In addition to the discoveries of Taghrout, the expedition also retrieved Quaternary vertebrate material from a nearby cave and found new Jurassic localities, with arcosaur bones and dinosaur footprints, in El Mers.
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New Quaternary fossil sites from the Middle Atlas of Morocco - Marinheiro, J.; O. Mateus; Alaoui, A.; Amani, F.; Nami, M.; Ribeiro, C. (Comunicações Geológicas, 2014)
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Keywords: Marrocos; Médio-Atlas; Plistocénico; Proboscidea

New quaternary fossil sites from the middle atlas of morocco,Novas jazidas fossilíferas do Quaternário do Médio-Atlas de Marrocos - Marinheiro, J.; O. Mateus; Alaoui, A.; Amani, F.; Nami, M.; Ribeiro, C. (Comunicacoes Geologicas, 2014)
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Ovos e cascas de crocodilomorfos da forma?ão da lourinhã (Jurássico superior), portugal,Crocodylomorph eggs and eggshells from the Lourinhã Fm. (Upper Jurassic), Portugal - Russo, J.; O. Mateus; Balbino, A.; Marzola, M. (Comunicacoes Geologicas, 2014)
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Revision of the Late Jurassic teleosaurid genus Machimosaurus (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) - Young, M. T.; Hua, S.; Steel, L.; Foffa, D.; Brusatte, S. L.; Thüring, S.; O. Mateus; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I.; Havlik, P.; Lepage, Y.; De Andrade, M.B. (Royal Society Open Science, 2014)
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Structural Data on the Periplasmic Aldehyde Oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli: SAXS and Preliminary X-ray Crystallography Analysis - Otrelo-Cardoso, Ana Rita; da Silva Correia, Marcia Alexandra; Schwuchow, Viola; Svergun, Dmitri I.; Romao, Maria Joao; Leimkuehler, Silke; Santos-Silva, Teresa (International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2014)
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Time-resolved luminescence studies of Eu 3+ in soda-lime silicate glasses - Ruivo, Andreia; Muralha, Vânia SF; Águas, Hugo; de Matos, António Pires; Laia, César AT (Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2014)
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TupA: A Tungstate Binding Protein in the Periplasm of Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20 - Otrelo-Cardoso, Ana Rita; Nair, Rashmi R.; Correia, Marcia A. S.; Rivas, Maria G; Santos-Silva, Teresa (International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2014)
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Two new theropod egg sites from the Late Jurassic Lourinhã Formation, Portugal - V Ribeiro; O. Mateus; Holwerda, F.; Araújo, R.; Castanhinha, R (Historical Biology, 2014)
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Use of Gold Nanoparticles as Additives in Protein Crystallization - Ribeiro, Diana; Kulakova, Alina; Quaresma, Pedro; Pereira, Eulalia; Bonifacio, Cecilia; Romao, Maria Joao; Franco, Ricardo; Carvalho, Ana Luisa (Crystal Growth & Design, 2014)
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Times Cited: 1 Carvalho, Ana Luisa/G-5638-2011; Romao, Maria/A-4115-2013; Pereira, Eulalia/C-6282-2013 Carvalho, Ana Luisa/0000-0002-3824-0240; Romao, Maria/0000-0002-3004-0543; Pereira, Eulalia/0000-0003-2086-5696 1

{Enhanced performance of supercritical fluid foaming of natural-based polymers by deep eutectic solvents} - Martins, M; Aroso, I.M.; Reis, R.L.; Duarte, A.R.C.; Craveiro, R.; Paiva, A. (AIChE Journal, 2014)
© 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Significance: Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are defined as a mixture of two or more solid or liquid components, which at a particular composition present a high melting point depression becoming liquids at room temperature. NADES are constituted by natural molecules and fully represent the green chemistry principles. For these reasons, the authors believe that the submitted manuscript is a highly valuable contribution to the field of green chemistry and chemical engineering. For the first time, the possibility to use NADES as enhancers of supercritical fluid technology is revealed.
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Keywords: biomaterials; Green engineering; Polymer processing; Supercritical processes

{Micro fluidic Production of Perfluorocarbon-Alginate Core − Shell Microparticles for Ultrasound Therapeutic Applications} - Duarte, Ana Rita C; Mano, F; Reis, Rui L; Jensen, Klavs F (Langmuir, 2014)
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{Nanostructured Hollow Tubes Based on Chitosan and Alginate Multilayers} - Silva, Joana M; Duarte, Ana Rita C; Custódio, Catarina A.; Sher, Praveen; Neto, Ana I.; Pinho, António C M; Fonseca, Jaime; Reis, Rui L; João F. Mano (Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2014)
The design and production of structures with nanometer-sized polymer films based on layer-by-layer (LbL) are of particular interest for tissue engineering since they allow the precise control of physical and biochemical cues of implantable devices. In this work, a method is developed for the preparation of nanostructured hollow multilayers tubes combining LbL and template leaching. The aim is to produce hollow tubes based on polyelectrolyte multilayer films with tuned physical-chemical properties and study their effects on cell behavior. The final tubular structures are characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microscopy, swelling, and mechanical tests, including dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in physiological simulated conditions. It is found that more robust films could be produced upon chemical cross-linking with genipin. In particular, the mechanical properties confirms the viscoelastic properties and a storage and young modulus about two times higher. The water uptake decreases from about 390{%} to 110{%} after the cross-linking. The biological performance is assessed in terms of cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation. The results obtained with the cross-linked tubes demonstrate that these are more suitable structures for cell adhesion and spreading. The results suggest the potential of these structures to boost the development of innovative tubular structures for tissue engineering approaches.
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Keywords: Alginate; chitosan; Layer-by-layer; tissue engineering; Tubular structures

{Natural deep eutectic solvents - Solvents for the 21st century} - Paiva, A.; Craveiro, R.; Aroso, I.; Martins, M; Reis, R.L.; Duarte, A.R.C. (ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 2014)
Green technology actively seeks new solvents to replace common organic solvents that present inherent toxicity and have high volatility, leading to evaporation of volatile organic compounds to the atmosphere. Over the past two decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained enormous attention from the scientific community, and the number of reported articles in the literature has grown exponentially. Nevertheless, IL "greenness" is often challenged, mainly due to their poor biodegradability, biocompatibility, and sustainability. An alternative to ILs are deep eutectic solvents (DES). Deep eutectic solvents are defined as a mixture of two or more components, which may be solid or liquid and that at a particular composition present a high melting point depression becoming liquids at room temperature. When the compounds that constitute the DES are primary metabolites, namely, aminoacids, organic acids, sugars, or choline derivatives, the DES are so called natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). NADES fully represent green chemistry principles. Can natural deep eutectic solvents be foreseen as the next generation solvents and can a similar path to ionic liquids be outlined? The current state of the art concerning the advances made on these solvents in the past few years is reviewed in this paper, which is more than an overview on the different applications for which they have been suggested, particularly, biocatalysis, electrochemistry, and extraction of new data. Citotoxicity of different NADES was evaluated and compared to conventional imidazolium-based ionic liquids, and hints at the extraction of phenolic compounds from green coffee beans and on the foaming effect of NADES are revealed. Future perspectives on the major directions toward which the research on NADES is envisaged are here discussed, and these comprised undoubtedly a wide range of chemically related subjects. © 2014 American Chemical Society.
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Keywords: Choline chloride; Green chemistry; ionic liquids; Natural deep eutectic solvents; Physical-chemistry properties

{Platelet lysate membranes as new autologous templates for tissue engineering applications} - Babo, Pedro; Santo, V{\^{}}|{\^{}}iacute;tor E; Duarte, Ana Rita C; Correia, Cl{\^{}}|{\^{}}aacute;udia; Costa, Marta H G; Mano, Jo{\^{}}|{\^{}}atilde;o F; Reis, Rui L; Gomes, Manuela E. (Inflammation and Regeneration, 2014)
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{Starch-based polymer-IL composites formed by compression moulding and supercritical fluid foaming for self-supported conductive materials} - Craveiro, R.; Martins, M; Santos, G.B.; Correia, N.; M. Dionísio; S. Barreiros; Duarte, A.R.C.; Reis, R.L.; Paiva, A. (RSC Advances, 2014)
In this work, blends of starch and poly-$ε$-caprolactone (PCL) doped with different concentrations of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM]Ac) or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM] Cl) were studied. The blends were characterized by mechanical analysis, infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS), evaluating the IL doping effect. The samples were subjected to supercritical carbon dioxide foaming and the morphology of the structures was assessed. DSC shows a single glass transition and melting endotherm for foamed and unfoamed samples, having no effect upon IL doping, and DRS shows increased molecular mobility for blends with higher IL concentrations, and some hindrance for lower ones. The conductivity for SPCL doped with 30{%} [BMIM] Cl, before and after foaming, is comparable to the conductivity of the IL but exhibits more stable conductivity values, opening doors for applications as self-supported conductive materials. © 2014 the Partner Organisations.
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{Supercritical fluid processing of natural based polymers doped with ionic liquids} - Martins, M; Craveiro, R.; Paiva, A.; Duarte, A.R.C.; Reis, R.L. (Chemical Engineering Journal, 2014)
Some approaches have been developed in our group to investigate the role of novel ionic liquids as process and property modifiers of natural-based polymers. In our previous work, we proposed the use of ionic liquids as plasticizing agents for the creation of porous structures from a semi-crystalline natural-based polymer. The current work intended to complement the previous studies, evaluating the ability of ionic liquid (IL) to plasticize polymers such as blends of starch-poly-lactic acid (SPLA) and its effect on supercritical fluid foaming process (SCF) and providing more insights on the mechanisms involved. For this purpose, blends of starch with poly (lactic) acid, with different ratios of starch and poly-lactic acid of 50:50 and 30:70 were modified and processed using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl). Supercritical fluid foaming was studied at different soaking times (1, 3 and 6h) using carbon dioxide at 20.0MPa and 40°C. The blends were characterized by different techniques, such as infra-red spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and compression and tensile mechanical analysis. The morphology of the foamed structures was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography. The results suggest that after 3h of soaking time an equilibrium state of carbon dioxide into the bulk samples is attained, yielding structures with 6{%} and 15{%} of porosity, for SPLA70 and SPLA50 respectively. The solubility of carbon dioxide within the matrices was studied for the same conditions and the results demonstrate a higher sorption degree in the samples doped with ionic liquid. Sorption and desorption diffusion coefficients of supercritical CO 2 in the SPLA matrix were determined for the raw polymer and for the SPLA doped with [bmim]Cl. It was found that the lower desorption diffusion coefficients are related with the higher porosity obtained by the foaming process. © 2013.
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Keywords: Carbon dioxide; ionic liquids; Poly (lactic acid); Polymer processing; starch; Supercritical fluid foaming

{Surface modification of silica-based marine sponge bioceramics induce hydroxyapatite formation} - Barros, Alexandre A.; Aroso, Ivo M; Silva, Tiago H.; João F. Mano; Duarte, Ana Rita C; Reis, Rui L (Crystal Growth and Design, 2014)
Marine biomaterials are a new emerging area of research with significant applications. Recently, researchers are dedicating considerable attention to marine-sponge biomaterials for various applications. We have focused on the potential of biosilica from Petrosia ficidormis for novel biomedical/industrial applications. A bioceramic structure from this sponge was obtained after calcination at 750 °C for 6 h in a furnace. The morphological characteristics of the three-dimensional architecture were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microcomputed tomography, revealing a highly porous and interconnected structure. The skeleton of P. ficidormis is a siliceous matrix composed of SiO2, which does not present inherent bioactivity. Induction of bioactivity was attained by subjecting the bioceramics structure to an alkaline treatment (2M KOH) and acidic treatment (2M HCl) for 1 and 3 h. In vitro bioactivity of the bioceramics structure was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF), after 7 and 14 days. Observation of the structures by SEM, coupled with spectroscopic elemental analysis (EDS), has shown that the surface morphology presented a calcium-phosphate CaP coating, similar to hydroxyapatite (HA). The determination of the Ca/P ratio, together with the evaluation of the characteristic peaks of HA by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, have proven the existence of HA. In vitro biological performance of the structures was evaluated using an osteoblast cell line, and the acidic treatment has shown to be the most effective treatment. Cells were seeded on bioceramics structures and their morphology; viability and growth were evaluated by SEM, MTS assay, and DNA quantification, respectively, demonstrating that cells are able to grow and colonize the bioceramic structures. © 2014 American Chemical Society.
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{Tailored freestanding multilayered membranes based on chitosan and alginate} - Silva, J.M.; Duarte, A.R.C.; Caridade, S.G.; Picart, C.; Reis, R.L.; Mano, J.F. (Biomacromolecules, 2014)
© 2014 American Chemical Society. Engineering metabolically demanding tissues requires the supply of nutrients, oxygen, and removal of metabolic byproducts, as well as adequate mechanical properties. In this work, we propose the development of chitosan (CHIT)/alginate (ALG) freestanding membranes fabricated by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. CHIT/ALG membranes were cross-linked with genipin at a concentration of 1 mg·mL {<} sup {>} -1 {<} /sup {>} or 5 mg·mL {<} sup {>} -1 {<} /sup {>} . Mass transport properties of glucose and oxygen were evaluated on the freestanding membranes. The diffusion of glucose and oxygen decreases with increasing cross-linking concentration. Mechanical properties were also evaluated in physiological-simulated conditions. Increasing cross-linking density leads to an increase of storage modulus, Young modulus, and ultimate tensile strength, but to a decrease in the maximum hydrostatic pressure. The in vitro biological performance demonstrates that cross-linked films are more favorable for cell adhesion. This work demonstrates the versatility and feasibility of LbL assembly to generate nanostructured constructs with tunable permeability, mechanical, and biological properties.
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Recyclable packaging waste collection systems: redesigning service areas and collection routes in a real case-study - Ramos, Tania; Gomes, Maria Isabel; Barbosa-povoa, Ana Paula (2nd International Conference WASTES: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities, 2013)
This paper addresses the planning of a real recyclable packaging waste collection system operating in Portugal. The company’s logistics network is characterized by the existence of multiple depots and multiple products to be collected in each site. Service areas and vehicle routes are currently defined respecting the municipal boundaries and present a need for improvement. To study this problem mixed integer linear programming formulations have been developed allowing the redesign of service areas and of collection routes under two scenarios, respectively, considering the definition of service areas by depot and by material. The scenario where the current service areas are maintained and the collection routes are optimized is also studied. Savings up to 20% in total distance are achieved by redesigning service areas and collection routes.

{Beyond the neutron drip line: The unbound oxygen isotopes $^{25}$O and $^{26}$O} - Caesar, C; Simonis, J; Adachi, T; Aksyutina, Y; Alcantara, J; Altstadt, S; Alvarez-Pol, H; Ashwood, N; Aumann, T; Avdeichikov, V.; Barr, M; Beceiro, S; et al. (Physical Review C, 2013)
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Single-Stage Amplifiers with Gain Enhancement and Improved Energy-Efficiency using Voltage-Combiners - R. Póvoa, N. Lourenço; N. Horta, R. Santos-Tavares,; J. Goes (21st IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC), 2013)

Copper-substituted forms of the wild type and C42A variant of rubredoxin - Thapper, A.; Rizzi, A. C.; Brondino, CD; Wedd, A. G.; Pais, R. J.; Maiti, B. K.; Moura, I; Pauleta, S. R.; Moura, J J (J Inorg Biochem, 2013)
In order to gain insights into the interplay between Cu(I) and Cu(II) in sulfur-rich protein environments, the first preparation and characterization of copper-substituted forms of the wild-type rubredoxin (Rd) from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough are reported, as well as those of its variant C42A-Rd. The initial products appear to be tetrahedral Cu(I)(S-Cys)n species for the wild type (n=4) and the variant C42A (n=3, with an additional unidentified ligand). These species are unstable to aerial oxidation to products, whose properties are consistent with square planar Cu(II)(S-Cys)n species. These Cu(II) intermediates are susceptible to auto-reduction by ligand S-Cys to produce stable Cu(I) final products. The original Cu(I) center in the wild-type system can be regenerated by reduction, suggesting that the active site can accommodate Cu(I)(S-Cys)2 and Cys-S-S-Cys fragments in the final product. The absence of one S-Cys ligand prevents similar regeneration in the C42A-Rd system. These results emphasize the redox instability of Cu(II)-(S-Cys)n centers.
Thapper, AndersRizzi, Alberto CBrondino, Carlos DWedd, Anthony GPais, Ricardo JMaiti, Biplab KMoura, IsabelPauleta, Sofia RMoura, Jose J GResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tUnited StatesJournal of inorganic biochemistryJ Inorg Biochem. 2013 Oct;127:232-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.06.003. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
Keywords: Copper/*chemistry; Genetic Variation; Molecular Structure; Rubredoxins/*chemistry/genetics

Bronze production in Southwestern Iberian Peninsula: the Late Bronze Age metallurgical workshop from Entre Aguas 5 (Portugal) - Valerio, Pedro; Monge Soares, Antonio M.; Silva, Rui JC; Araujo, Maria Fatima; Rebelo, Paulo; Neto, Nuno; Santos, Raquel; Fontes, Tiago (Journal of Archaeological Science, 2013)
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Cloud-Marketplace: New paradigm for e-marketplaces - Grilo; A.; Jardim-Goncalves; R.; Ghimire; S. (2013)
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Cloud-Marketplaces: Distributed e-procurement for the AEC sector - Grilo A; Jardim-Goncalves R (ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS, 2013)
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Cloud-Marketplaces: Distributed e-procurement for the AEC sector - Grilo A; Jardim-Goncalves R (Advanced Engineering Informatics, 2013)
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Construction collaborative networks: the case study of a building information modelling-based office building project - Grilo A; Zutshi A; Jardim-Goncalves R; Steiger-Garcao A (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING, 2013)
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Development of antimicrobial Ion Jelly fibers - Renato dos Santos; Ângelo Rocha; Ana Matias; Catarina Duarte; Isabel Sá-Nogueira; Nuno Lourenço; João Paulo Borges; Pedro Vidinha (RSC Advances, 2013)
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Enhancing the Response of Chemocapacitors with Electrospun Nanofiber Films - Igreja R; Domingos H; Borges JP; Dias CJ (ADVANCED MATERIALS FORUM VI, PTS 1 AND 2, 2013)
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flock.uc.pt – A Web Platform for Online Educational Modules with Online Experiments - Alberto Cardoso; Restivo, Maria Teresa; Cioga, Pedro; Delgado, Miguel; Monsanto, J.; Bicker, João; Nunes, Eduardo; Gil, Paulo (International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE), 2013)
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Framework for catalogues matching in procurement e-marketplaces - Ghimire; S.; Jardim-Goncalves; R.; Grilo; A. (2013)
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Framework for inter-operative e-Procurement marketplace: - Ghimire; S.; Jardim-Goncalves; R.; Grilo; A.; Beca; M. (2013)
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Reference framework for enhanced interoperable collaborative networks in industrial organisations - Jardim-Goncalves R; Agostinho C; Sarraipa J; Grilo A; Mendonca JP (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING, 2013)
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Systematisation of Interoperability Body of Knowledge: the foundation for Enterprise Interoperability as a science - Jardim-Goncalves R; Grilo A; Agostinho C; Lampathaki F; Charalabidis Y (ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 2013)
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Wear characterization of Functionally Graded Surface composites produced by Friction Surfacing - Gandra João; Vigarinho Pablo; Pereira Diogo; Miranda Rosa; Vilaça Pedro; Velhinho Alexandre (2013)
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A physical approach for considering how anchorage head size influences the punching capacity of slabs strengthened with vertical steel bolts - Ricardo Silva; Faria, Duarte M. Viúla; Ramos, A. Pinho; Inácio, Micael (Structural Concrete, 2013)
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Keywords: CSCT; Punching

Structural, electrical and magnetic studies of Co:SnO2 and (Co,Mo):SnO2 films prepared by pulsed laser deposition - Dalui, S.; Rout, S.; Silvestre, A. J.; Lavareda, G; Pereira, L. C. J.; Brogueira, P.; Conde, O. (APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 2013)
Here we report on the structural, optical, electrical and magnetic properties of Co-doped and (Co,Mo)-codoped SnO2 thin films deposited on r-cut sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Substrate temperature during deposition was kept at 500 degrees C. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the undoped and doped films are crystalline with predominant orientation along the {[}1 0 1] direction regardless of the doping concentration and doping element. Optical studies revealed that the presence of Mo reverts the blue shift trend observed for the Co-doped films. For the Co and Mo doping concentrations studied, the incorporation of Mo did not contribute to increase the conductivity of the films or to enhance the ferromagnetic order of the Co-doped films. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Spring Meeting of the European-Materials-Research-Society (E-MRS) / Symposium N / Symposium O / Symposium V on Laser Materials Processing for Micro and Nano Applications, Strasbourg, FRANCE, MAY 14-18, 2012

Anti-biofouling 3D porous systems: the blend effect of oxazoline-based oligomers on chitosan scaffolds - Correia, VG; Coelho, M.; T. Barroso; Raje, V.P.; Bonifácio, V.D.B.; Casimiro, T.; Pinho, M.G.; Aguiar-Ricardo, A. (Biofouling, 2013)
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Cited By (since 1996):2Export Date: 19 November 2013Source: Scopus

Electrodynamic tailoring of self-assembled three-dimensional electrospun constructs - Reis, T.C.; Correia, I.J.; Aguiar-Ricardo, A. (Nanoscale, 2013)
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Export Date: 19 November 2013Source: Scopus

Functional monolithic platforms: Chromatographic tools for antibody purification - T. Barroso; Hussain, A.; Roque, A.C.A.; Aguiar-Ricardo, A. (Biotechnology Journal, 2013)
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Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 19 November 2013Source: Scopus

Cationic and neutral (Ar-BIAN)copper(I) complexes containing phosphane and arsane ancillary ligands: Synthesis, molecular structure and catalytic behaviour in cycloaddition reactions of azides and alkynes - Li, L.; Lopes, P.S.; Figueira, C.A.; Gomes, C.S.B.; Duarte, M.T.; Rosa, V.; C. Fliedel; Avilés, T.; Gomes, P. T. (European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2013)
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Cited By :16Export Date: 17 June 2020

Influence of a thioether function in short-bite diphosphine ligands on the nature of their silver complexes: Structure of a trinuclear complex and of a coordination polymer - Rosa, V.; C. Fliedel; Ghisolfi, A.; Pattacini, R.; Avilés, T.; Braunstein, P. (Dalton Transactions, 2013)
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Cited By :25Export Date: 17 June 2020

Kinect-sign: teaching sign language to “listeners” through a game - Gameiro, João; Cardoso, Tiago; Rybarczyk, Yves (Conference on Electronics, Telecomunications and Computers - CETC, 2013)
The sign language is widely used by deaf people around the globe. As the spoken languages, several sign languages do exist. The way sign language is learned by deaf people may have some details to be improved, but one can state that the existing learning mechanisms are effective when we talk about a deaf child, for example. The problem arises for the non-deaf persons that communicate with the deaf persons – the so-called listeners. If, for example, one couple has a new child that turns to be deaf, these two persons find a challenge to learn the sign language. In one hand, they cannot stop their working life, especially because of this sad news turns to be more costly, on the other hand, the existing mechanisms target the deaf-persons and are not prepared for the listeners. This paper proposes a new playful approach to help these listeners to learn the sign language. The proposal is a serious game composed of two modes: School-mode and Competition-mode. The first provides a school-like environment where the user learns the letter-signs and the second provides the user an environment used towards testing the learned skills. Behind the scenes, the proposal is based on two phases: 1 – the creation of a gestures library, relying on the Kinect depth camera; and 2 – the real-time recognition of gestures, by comparing what the depth camera information to the existing gestures previously stored in the library. A prototype system, supporting only the Portuguese sign language alphabet, was developed – the Kinect-Sign – and tested in a Portuguese Sign-Language school resulting in a joyful acceptance of the approach.
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Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels as functional electrolytes - Ramos, A. M.; Pereira, S.; Cidade, M.T.; Pereira, G.; Branquinho, R.; Pereira, L.; Martins, R.; Fortunato, E. (Elsevier, 2013)
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A serious game for multimodal training of physician novices - Y. Rybarczyk; Carrasco, G.; Cardoso, T.; Martins, I Pavão (ICER2013 - 6th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, 2013)
Serious games are usually applied to cognitive learning. However, the development of recent Natural User Interfaces (NUI) enables us to use serious games for a more holistic training. This project proposes to implement an educative game that teaches medical students how to carry out a neurological examination. The purpose is to improve not only the cognitive knowledge of the young physicians but also their sensorimotor skills. The game takes place in a virtual doctor office, which is modelled in 3D. Many possible clinical cases related to different neurologic diseases are simulated. The users are tested at two skill levels. First of all, they have to choose the right exam according to the patient’s symptoms. This initial stage is used to assess the theoretical expertise of the students. If the choice is correct, the physical examination begins. In order to evaluate the motor performance, a Kinect NUI is used. Such a device allows for the natural and intuitive control of the doctor’s avatar because there is a direct link between the individual’s and the avatar’s joints. Due to the fact that the real movements of the student are recorded with some accuracy, it is possible to gauge whether or not the medical gesture is properly applied to the virtual patient. In particular, the force and the precision of the movements are measured and compared to reference values. After each examination immediate feedback is given, so that the learners may rectify their choices and improve the quality of their motor skills at the next training session. Overall, the objective of this software is to enable the future physicians to practice a basic medical exam on a wide scope of neurologic disorders, without any risk for the patients and through an enjoyable approach.
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Solvent-dependent reversible ligand exchange in nickel complexes of a monosulfide bis(diphenylphosphino)(N-thioether)amine - Ghisolfi, A.; C. Fliedel; Rosa, V.; Pattacini, R.; Thibon, A.; Yu. Monakhov, K.; Braunstein, P. (Chemistry - An Asian Journal, 2013)
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Cited By :18Export Date: 17 June 2020

Technology transition towards e-mobility: technology assessment as a tool for policy design - Nuno Boavida; Manuel Baumann; António Brandão Moniz; Jens Schippl; Marcel Weil; Max Reichenbach (International Colloquium of GERPISA - The International Network of the Automobile, 2013)

A Bacia Lusitaniana: Estratigrafia, Paleogeografia e Tectónica - Rocha, Rogério Eduardo Bordalo da; Kullberg, José Carlos Ribeiro; Mateus,Octávio (Geologia de Portugal no contexto da Ibéria, 2013)
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Aspectos da utilização da tecnologia no ensino da Matemática - Rocha, H. (Actas do XII Congresso Internacional Galego-Português de Psicopedagogia, 2013)
O potencial da tecnologia para o ensino e a aprendizagem é há muito reconhecido. Contudo, cada vez mais surgem estudos que indiciam que a sua utilização fica aquém das expectativas. O acesso à tecnologia, o papel que lhe é atribuído na aprendizagem e as características das tarefas em que é utilizada, encontram-se entre as principais influências identificadas sobre a utilização que é feita da tecnologia e potencialmente responsáveis pelas características dessa utilização. O estudo que aqui se apresenta teve como principal objectivo analisar e compreender a utilização que os professores fazem da tecnologia à luz dos aspectos referidos, procurando identificar de que forma estes definem diferentes tipos de utilização. A abordagem metodológica adoptada foi de natureza qualitativa e interpretativa, com a realização de estudos de caso de duas professoras de Matemática que utilizavam a calculadora gráfica. A recolha de dados foi concretizada através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observação de aulas e recolha documental, sendo a análise de dados orientada pelo quadro teórico, conciliado com a interpretação destes. As conclusões do estudo sugerem alguma diversidade tanto nas características das tarefas em que as professoras recorrem à tecnologia (exercícios, explorações, problemas, modelação de situações reais), como no papel que lhe é atribuído (obter informação, efectuar cálculos, experimentar), mas apontam também para uma diversidade com características que se traduzem em perfis de utilização da tecnologia distintos: um mais exploratório e outro mais prescritivo.

A Bacia Lusitaniana: Estratigrafia, Paleogeografia e Tectónica - Kullberg, J.C.; Rocha, R.B.; Soares, A.F.; Rey, J.; Terrinha, P.; Azerêdo, A.C.; Callapez, P.; Duarte, L.V.,; Kullberg, M.C.; Martins, L.; Miranda, J.R.; Alves, C.; et al. (Geologia de Portugal no contexto da Ibéria. Volume II, 2013)

Cabinda revisited: age and environment of new Cenozoic vertebrate fossils from northern Angola - Jacobs, LL; Myers, TS; Goncalves, AO; JF Graf; B. F. Jacobs; JW KAPPELMAN; O. Mateus; M. J. Polcyn; ET RASBURY; Vineyard, DP (Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 45, No. 7, p.0, 2013)

COCHISE project: an augmented service dog for disabled people - Y. Rybarczyk; Vernay D.; Rybarczyk P.; Lebret M.C.; Duhaut D.; Lemasson G.; Pesty S.; Lucidarme P. (12th conference of the Association for the Advancement of Assistive Technology in Europe, 2013)

Design for punching of prestressed concrete slabs - Clement, Thibault; Ramos, Antonio Pinho; Ruiz, Miguel Fernandez; Muttoni, Aurelio (Structural Concrete, 2013)
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Keywords: code predictions; Flat slab; In-plane forces; Model Code 2010; prestressing; Punching; slab bridge

Designing model house based on the Cradle-to-Cradle methodology - Ramalhete, I; Amado, M. P. (SB13 PORTUGAL, 2013)

Development of a Design Proposal for a Slab Strengthening System using Prestress with Anchorages by Bonding - Duarte Faria, Válter Lúcio; António Ramos (fib symposium Tel Aviv 2013, 2013)
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Eco-wall: modular solution for low-cost houses - Amado, M. P.; Lopes, T.; Ramalhete, I (CISBAT 13, 2013)

Effect of visuo-manual configuration on a telerobot integration into the body schema - Y. Rybarczyk; Mestre D. (Le Travail Humain, 2013)

Fully discretized collocation methods for a nonlinear singular Volterra integral equation - Diogo, T.; J. Ma; M. Rebelo (Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2013)

Knowledge for Teaching Mathematics with Technology - a new framework of teacher knowledge - Rocha, H. (Proceedings of the 37th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 2013)
Knowledge for Teaching Mathematics with Technology (KTMT) is a theoretical model that seeks to articulate previously existing models on professional knowledge and the conclusions that the investigation around the integration of technology has achieved. KTMT is a dynamic knowledge, informed by the practice, that develops from the knowledge on the base domains (Mathematics, Teaching and Learning, Technology and Curriculum), evolving as knowledge in the base domains interacts and as this promotes the development of inter-domain knowledge, which continue to interact, strengthening relations and leading to the development of an integrated knowledge, where knowledge on the base domains and on the two sets of inter-domains appears deeply integrated into a global knowledge.

A label-free DNA aptamer-based impedance biosensor for the detection of E. coli outer membrane proteins - Raquel B Queirós, N de-los-Santos-Álvarez, PVS Marques, JP Noronha, MGF Sales (Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical, 2013)

Lisling 3D: a serious game for the treatment of portuguese aphasic patients - Y. Rybarczyk; Fonseca J.; Martins R. (12th conference of the Association for the Advancement of Assistive Technology in Europe, 2013)

Lumped element model for arbitrarily shaped integrated inductors-A statistical analysis - Passos, F.; Fino, M.H.; Roca, E.; Gonzalez-Echevarria, R; Fernandez, F.V. (IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems, 2013)

A meshfree method for elasticity problems with interfaces - N. Martins; M. Rebelo (Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2013)

Molecular Recognition of Rosmarinic Acid from Salvia sclareoides Extracts by Acetylcholinesterase: A New Binding Site Detected by NMR Spectroscopy - Marcelo, Filipa; Dias, Catarina; Madeira, Paulo J.; Jorge, Tiago; Florêncio, M. Helena; Canada, F. Javier; Cabrita, Eurico J.; Jiménez-Barbero, Jésus; Rauter, Amelia P. (Chemistry: A European Journal, 2013)
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is one of the most currently available therapies for the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) symptoms. In this context, NMR spectroscopy binding studies were accomplished to explain the inhibition of AChE activity by Salvia sclareoides extracts. HPLC-MS analyses of the acetone, butanol and water extracts eluted with methanol and acidified water showed that rosmarinic acid is present in all the studied samples and is a major constituent of butanol and water extracts. Moreover, luteolin 4′-O-glucoside, luteolin 3′,7-di-O-glucoside and luteolin 7-O-(6′′-O-acetylglucoside) were identified by MS2 and MS3 data acquired during the LC-MSn runs. Quantification of rosmarinic acid by HPLC with diode-array detection (DAD) showed that the butanol extract is the richest one in this component (134 μg mg−1 extract). Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy binding experiments of S. sclareoides crude extracts in the presence of AChE in buffer solution determined rosmarinic acid as the only explicit binder for AChE. Furthermore, the binding epitope and the AChE-bound conformation of rosmarinic acid were further elucidated by STD and transferred NOE effect (trNOESY) experiments. As a control, NMR spectroscopy binding experiments were also carried out with pure rosmarinic acid, thus confirming the specific interaction and inhibition of this compound against AChE. The binding site of AChE for rosmarinic acid was also investigated by STD-based competition binding experiments using Donepezil, a drug currently used to treat AD, as a reference. These competition experiments demonstrated that rosmarinic acid does not compete with Donepezil for the same binding site. A 3D model of the molecular complex has been proposed. Therefore, the combination of the NMR spectroscopy based data with molecular modelling has permitted us to detect a new binding site in AChE, which could be used for future drug development.

Moments of Dividends and Optimal Expected Dividends in the Erlang(n) dual risk model - Rodríguez-Martínez, E.V; Cardoso, R. M. R.; Egídio dos Reis, A.D. (ASTIN Colloquium 2013, 2013)

Nonpolynomial approximation of solutions to delay fractional differential equations - N.J.Ford; M. L. Morgado; M. Rebelo (Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational and Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering, CMMSE2013, 2013)

Nonpolynomial collocation approximation of solutions to fractional differential equation - Neville J. Ford; M. Luísa Morgado; Magda Rebelo (Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis, 2013)

Optimal control strategies for reducing the number of active infected individuals with tuberculosis - Rodrigues, Paula; Silva, Cristiana J.; Torres, Delfim F. M. (SIAM Conference on Control and Its Applications (CT13), 2013)

Planning Waste Cooking Oil Collection Systems - Ramos, Tania Rodrigues Pereira; Gomes, Maria Isabel; Barbosa-póvoa, Ana Paula (Waste Management, 2013)
This research has been motivated by a real-life problem of a waste cooking oil collection system characterized by the existence of multiple depots with an outsourced vehicle fleet, where the collection routes have to be plan. The routing problem addressed allows open routes between depots, i.e., all routes start at one depot but can end at the same or at a different one, depending on what minimizes the objective function considered. Such problem is referred as a Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Mixed Closed and Open Inter-Depot Routes and is, in this paper, modeled through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation where capacity and duration constraints are taken into account. The model developed is applied to the real case study providing, as final results, the vehicle routes planning where a decrease of 13% on mileage and 11% on fleet hiring cost are achieved, when comparing with the current company solution.

Propionate Addition Enhances the Biodegradation of the Xenobiotic Herbicide Propanil and its Metabolite - Oehmen A; Marques R; Noronha JP; Carvalho G; Reis MAM (Bioresource Technology, 2013)

Pseudodifferential operators on variable Lebesgue spaces - Karlovich, Alexei Yu.; Spitkovsky, Ilya M. (Operator Theory, Pseudo-Differential Equations, and Mathematical Physics. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, 228, 2013)
Let \(\mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) be the class of bounded away from one and infinity functions \(p:\mathbb{R}^n\to[1,\infty]\) such that the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is bounded on the variable Lebesgue space \(L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)\). We show that if \(a\) belongs to the Hörmander class \(S_{\rho,\delta}^{n(\rho-1)}\) with \(0<\rho\le 1\), \(0\le\delta<1\), then the pseudodifferential operator \(\operatorname{Op}(a)\) is bounded on the variable Lebesgue space \(L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) provided that \(p\in\mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)\). Let \(\mathcal{M}^*(\mathbb{R}^n)\) be the class of variable exponents \(p\in\mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) represented as \(1/p(x)=\theta/p_0+(1-\theta)/p_1(x)\) where \(p_0\in(1,\infty)\), \(\theta\in(0,1)\), and \(p_1\in\mathcal{M}(\mathbb{R}^n)\). We prove that if \(a\in S_{1,0}^0\) slowly oscillates at infinity in the first variable, then the condition \[ \lim_{R\to\infty}\inf_{|x|+|\xi|\ge R}|a(x,\xi)|>0 \] is sufficient for the Fredholmness of \(\operatorname{Op}(a)\) on \(L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) whenever \(p\in\mathcal{M}^*(\mathbb{R}^n)\). Both theorems generalize pioneering results by Rabinovich and Samko [RS08] obtained for globally log-Hölder continuous exponents \(p\), constituting a proper subset of \(\mathcal{M}^*(\mathbb{R}^n)\).

Punching of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs - Gouveia, Nuno; Fernandes, Nelson; Faria, Duarte; António Ramos; Válter Lúcio (fib symposium Tel Aviv 2013, 2013)
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Punçoamento em Estruturas de Betão Armado - Ramos, A., Lúcio, V., Faria, D., Almeida, A., Fernandes, H., Inácio, M., Mamede, N., Dinarte, N., Silva, R. (2º Congresso Internacional da Habitação no Espaço Lusofono, 2013)
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Punçoamento em lajes de betão com fibras de aço - Gouveia, N D; Faria, D M V; Ramos, A M P (Revista Internacional TECH ITT by Construlink, 2013)
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Recycling old screen-printed electrodes with newly designed plastic antibodies on the wall of carbon nanotubes as sensory element for in-situ detection of bacterial toxins in water - Raquel B Queirós, Alexandra Guedes, JP Noronha, PVS Marques, MGF Sales (Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical, 2013)

Regeneration of the city through the rehabilitation process of built heritage - Amado, Miguel, P.; Almeida, H.; Ribeiro, M. R.; Gameiro, A. (2º Congresso Internacional da habitação no Espaço Lusófono, 2013)

Sample partitioning estimation for ergodic diffusions - Luís P. Ramos; João T. Mexia; Pedro P. Mota (Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 2013)

Shaping the molecular assemblies of native and alkali- modified agars in dilute and concentrated aqueous media via microwave-assisted extraction - Ana M. M. Sousa; João Borges; Fernando Silva; Ana M. Ramos; Cabrita, Eurico J.; Maria Pilar Gonçalves (Soft Matter, 2013)
The use of agar-based biomaterials for the development of emerging areas, such as tissue engineering or ‘smart materials’ production has recently gained great interest. Understanding how these gel-forming polysaccharides self-organise in aqueous media and how these associations can be tuned to meet the specific needs of each application is thus of great relevance. As an extension of previous pioneering research concerning the application of the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique in the recovery of native (NA) and alkali-modified (AA) agars, this article focuses on the different molecular assemblies assumed by these novel NA and AA when using different MAE routes. The molecular architectures in dilute (5, 10, 50 and 100 mg mL1) and concentrated (1.5% (w/w)) aqueous media were imaged by AFM and cryoSEM, respectively. Relevant structural and physicochemical properties were investigated to support the microscopic data. Different extraction routes led to polysaccharides with unique properties, which in turn resulted in different molecular assemblies. Even at 5 mg mL1, AFM images included individual fibers, cyclic segments, aggregates and local networks. At higher polymer concentrations, the structures further aggregated forming multilayer polymeric networks for AA. The more compact and denser 3D networks of AA, imaged by cryoSEM, and their higher resistance to large deformations matched the 2D-shapes observed by AFM. Depending on the nature of the AA chains, homogeneous or heterogeneous growth of assemblies was seen during network formation. The obtained results support well the view of double helix formation followed by intensive double helix association proposed for agar gelation.

Solution Structure, Dynamics and Binding Studies of a Family 11 Carbohydrate-Binding Module from Clostridium thermocellum (CtCBM11) - Viegas, Aldino; Sardinha, João; Duarte, Daniel F; Carvalho, Ana Luisa; Fontes, Carlos M. G. A.; Romao, Maria Joao; Macedo, Anjos L; Cabrita, Eurico J. (Biochemical Journal, 2013)
Non-catalytic cellulosomal carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are responsible for increasing the catalytic efficiency of cellulosic enzymes by selectively putting the substrate (a wide range of poly- and oligosaccharides) and enzyme into close contact. In the present work we carried out an atomistic rationalization of the molecular determinants of ligand specificity of a family 11 CBM from thermophilic C. thermocellum (CtCBM11), based on a NMR and molecular modeling approach. We have determined the NMR solution structure of CtCBM11 at 25 and 50 ºC and derived information on the residues of the protein involved in ligand recognition and on the influence of the length of the saccharide chain on binding. We obtained models of the CtCBM11/cellohexaose and CtCBM11/cellotetraose complexes by docking in accordance with the NMR experimental data. Specific ligand/protein CH-π and Van der Waals interactions were found to be determinant for the stability of the complexes and for defining specificity. Using the order parameters derived from backbone dynamics analysis in the presence and absence of ligand and at 25 and 50 ºC, we determined that the protein’s backbone conformational entropy is slightly positive. This data in combination with the negative binding entropy calculated from ITC studies supports a selection mechanism where a rigid protein selects a defined oligosaccharide conformation.

Sustainable Construction: Value of Certification - Amado, M. P.; Vanessa, L.; Ribeiro, M. R. (The International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, 2013)
ISBN: 978-981-07-7965-8, DOI:10.3850/ 978-981-07-7965-8_83

Synthesis and characterization of novel γ-induced porous PHEMA–IL composites - Casimiro, MH; Corvo, Marta C.; Ramos, A. M.; Cabrita, E. J.; Ramos, A. M.; Ferreira, LM (Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2013)
A novel porous polymer-ionic liquid composite with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF6) has been synthesized by γ-irradiation without heat or chemical initiators. The products can be reversibly converted into organogels. The composites are potential candidates for electrochemical applications. The use of γ-radiation can be a simple and versatile alternative way to obtain these materials.

SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND APPARATUS FOR MODEL-BASED SECURITY CONTROL - Ferrão, Lúcio Emanuel Represas; Da Costa, Seco João Ricardo Viegas; Da Costa, Caires Luis Manuel Marques; Borrêga, Caleira; Xavier, Gonçalo Filipe; Melo, António Augusto Vieira; Rede SA, OutSystems-Software em (2013)
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US Patent 20,130,246,995

Tactical and Operational Planning in Reverse Logistics Systems with Multiple Depots - Ramos, Tânia; Gomes, Maria Isabel; Barbosa-póvoa, Ana Paula (XVI Congresso da Associação Portuguesa de Investigação Operacional IO 2013, 2013)
Keywords: multiple depots; reverse logistics; rout-; service areas; sustainability; waste collection

Teacher knowledge and the implementation of investigation tasks - Rocha, H. (Proceedings of the 37th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 2013)

Theropod egg sites from the Lourinhã Formation, Portugal - V Ribeiro; Holwerda, F.; O. Mateus (Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Program and Abstracts, 2013, 2013)

Traumatic pathologies in the postcranium of an adult Allosaurus specimen from the Morrison Formation of the Howe Quarry, Wyoming, U.S.A. - Evers, S.; Foth, C.; Rauhut, O.; Pabst, B.; O. Mateus (Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Program and Abstracts, 2013, 2013)

Using Aspects to Model Volatile Concerns - Moreira, Ana; Araújo, João; Rashid, Awais; Goulão, Miguel (Aspect-Oriented Requirements Engineering, 2013)
A rapidly changing market leads to software systems with highly volatile requirements. In many cases, new demands in software can often be met by extending the functionality of systems already in operation. By modularizing volatile requirements that can be altered at the client’s initiative or according to market demands, we can build a stepping-stone for management of requirements change. The volatility must be managed in a way that reduces the time and costs associated with updating a system to meet the new requirements. In this chapter, we present an approach for handling volatile concerns during early life cycle software modeling. The key insight is that techniques for aspect-oriented software development can be applied to modularize volatility and to weave volatile concerns into the base software artifacts.

Walkability as a Strategy towards Inclusive Communities: Case of a Portuguese Small Town - Amado, Miguel, P.; Freitas, J. C.; Rodrigues, E. M.; Ribeiro, M. R. (International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2011.05.002, 2013)

A Wideband Lumped-Element Model for Arbitrarily Shaped Integrated Inductors - Passos, F.; Fino, M.H.; Roca, E. (European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD), 2013)

An Aspect-Oriented Approach for Spatial Concerns in Web Applications - Matias Urbieta,; Gustavo Rossi; Silvia E. Gordillo; Armanda Rodrigues,; Araújo, João; Moreira, Ana (J. UCS, 2013)
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Characterization of a versatile organometallic pro-drug (CORM) for experimental CO based therapeutics - Seixas, J.D.; Mukhopadhyay, A.; Santos-Silva, T; Otterbein, L.E.; Gallo, D.J.; Rodrigues, S.S.; Guerreiro, B.H.; Gon?alves, A.M.L.; Penacho, N.; Marques, A.R.; Coelho, A.C.; Reis, P.M.; et al. (Dalton Transactions, 2013)
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Charge storage behavior of nanostructures based on SiGe nanocrystals embedded in Al2O3 matrix - Vieira, E. M. F.; Levichev, S.; Dias, C. J.; Igreja, R.; Buljan, M.; Bernstorff, S.; Conde, O.; Chahboun, A.; Rolo, A. G.; Gomes, M. J. M. (European Physical Journal B, 2013)
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Charge storage behavior of nanostructures based on SiGe nanocrystals embedded in Al2O3 matrix - Vieira, Eliana M. F.; Levichev, Sergey; Dias, Carlos J.; Igreja, Rui; Buljan, Maja; Bernstorff, Sigrid; Conde, Olinda; Chahboun, Adil; Rolo, Anabela G.; Gomes, Maria J. M. (European Physical Journal B, 2013)
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Coral physiological adaptations to air exposure: Heat shock and oxidative stress responses in Veretillum cynomorium - Teixeira, T.; Diniz, M.; Calado, R.; Rosa, R. (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2013)
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cited By (since 1996)1

Critical thermal maxima of common rocky intertidal fish and shrimps - A preliminary assessment - Vinagre, C.; Dias, M.; Roma, J.; Silva, A.; Madeira, D.; Diniz, M.S. (Journal of Sea Research, 2013)
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cited By (since 1996)0

Differential Evolution on the Minimization of Thermal Residual Stresses in Functionally Graded Structures - Silva, Tiago A.N.; Loja, M.A.R. (Springer Netherlands, 2013)
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Dual on–off and off–on switchable oligoaziridine biosensor - Vivek P. Raje; Morgado, Patrícia I.; Ribeiro, Maximiano P.; Correia, Ilídio J.; Bonifácio, Vasco D. B.; Paula S. Branco; Aguiar-Ricardo, Ana (Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2013)
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Keywords: fluorescence

Effects of ultraviolet excitation on the spectroscopic properties of Sm3+ and Tb3+ doped aluminophosphate glasses - Nico, C.a; Graça, M.P.F.a; Elisa, M.b; Sava, B.A.b; Monteiro, R.C.C.c; Rino, L.a; Monteiro, T.a (Optical Materials, 2013)
Li2O-BaO-Al2O3-La2O 3-P2O5 glasses optically activated with rare earth ions with the 4f5, and 4f8 electronic configuration (Sm3+ and Tb3+, respectively) were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, absorption, excitation photoluminescence, decay curves and temperature dependent photoluminescence. The spectroscopic characteristics of the as-prepared and heat treated samples at temperatures below and above T g were studied as well as their room temperature photometric properties under ultraviolet excitation. All the doped glasses exhibit typical signatures of the lanthanides in their trivalent charge state. For the samarium doped glass heat treated at 250 C (<Tg) the Sm2+ luminescence was also observed. The analysis of the luminescence efficiency was performed in the interval range of 14 K to room temperature, where the integrated intensity of the luminescence was found to decrease for the Sm 3+ and Tb3+ ions in the studied temperature range. Luminescence decay curves were found to be non-exponential for the 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 and 5D3 → 7F4 transitions of the Sm3+ and Tb3+ ions, respectively. The results strongly suggest the occurrence of energy transfer processes through cross relaxation phenomena, mediated by dipole-dipole interaction in all the studied samples. The decay of the 5D4 → 7F5 emission of the Tb3+ ions was found to be single exponential with a time constant of ∼3.1 ms. Based on the spectroscopic characteristics, models for recombination processes are proposed. The room temperature luminance photometric properties with ultraviolet excitation show that the samarium doped glasses have much lower luminance intensity (around 0.3 Cd/m2) when compared with the 6-7 Cd/m2 observed for the terbium doped ones. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
cited By 6

Electrical characterization of biphasic ceramics used in hard tissue replacement - Pedrosa AS; Borges JPMR; Neagu E; Marat-Mendes JN; Lança MCH (2013)
Hydroxyapatite [Hap; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and b-tricalcium phosphate [b-TCP; Ca3(PO4)2] are biocompatible calcium phosphates used in skeletal surgery. The natural HAp is one of the main components of bone and, as a synthetic material, has been widely used for bone replacement presenting good bioactivity. Nevertheless synthetic HAp presents a slow in vivo degradation rate which is disadvantageous for bone’s reparative process. b-TCP has also good osteogenic characteristics presenting the ability to form strong bonds with the bone however, its degradation rate is too fast [1]. Therefore, a composite combining these two ceramics is valuable as it exhibits a suitable degradation rate. Because of the piezoelectric properties of bone it is known that electrical polarization of calcium phosphates can enhance the bioactivity and biointegration of implants [2]. Previous studies have already showed that HAp/b-TCP ceramics can be electrically polarized and that electrical polarization enhances osteogenesis in the early stage of the implantation process. However further studies are required to understand, optimize and improve the polarization technique [1]. In this work a commercial biphasic ceramic powders were pressed in a mold at 200 MPa to produce disc shaped samples. Afterwards, the samples were sintered at temperatures from 950ºC to 1150ºC and the influence of the heat treatment in the electrical polarization and subsequent bioactivity was investigated. The samples were polarized under a high DC electric field at relatively lower temperature (200oC) compared to previous studies and the stability of polarization was tested using TSDC (thermally depolarization currents) measurements. It was studied the influence of the water, initially present in the material, in the total charge deposited during polarization, its stability and its relation with heat treatment after pressing. The influence of the addition of b-TCP on sample’s stored charge was also evaluated. Finally bioactivity tests in a simulated body fluid solution were made taking into account the signal of the charge in each surface of the disc samples so that the results could be compared to previous ones.
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Hypoxia tolerance and antioxidant defense system of juvenile jumbo squids in oxygen minimum zones - Trübenbach, K.; Teixeira, T.; Diniz, M.; Rosa, R. (Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2013)
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cited By (since 1996)1

Interaction of vanadium(IV) with human serum apo-transferrin - Mehtab, S.; Gon?alves, G.; Roy, S.; Tomaz, A.I.; Santos-Silva, T; Santos, M.F.A.; Romão, MJ; Jakusch, T.; Kiss, T.; Pessoa, JC (Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2013)
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Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus is an aerobic denitrifier - Pauleta, S. R.; Ramos, S.; Pietsch, M.; Carreira, C.; Dell'acqua, S.; Moura, I (11th European Biological Inorganic Chemistry Conference (Eurobic 11), 2013)
Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus is a marine bacterium widespread in the Mediterranean sea and Atlantic Ocean, and growing at temperate temperatures. This bacterium can perform complete denitrification, reducing nitrate to molecular nitrogen under anaerobic conditions. Here the nitrite concentration, pH and nitrous oxide reductase activity was monitored during bacterial growth, showing that this bacterium can also perform complete denitrification under low oxygen tension, using lactate as carbon source, in the presence of nitrate as alternative electron acceptor. Nitrous oxide reductase activity was observed after 7 h of growth under low oxygen tensions, and is maintained constant after 48h. Nitrite concentration reaches its maximum at mid-exponential phase and in the stationary phase, at lower oxygen tensions is almost non-existent.
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Keywords: bacteria; biology; cluster; n2o; nitrous-oxide-reductase; paracoccus; pseudomonas-stutzeri; sulfur

On the error of calculation of heat gains through walls by methods using constant decrement factor and time lag values - Ruivo, C.R.a b , Ferreira, P.M.d , Vaz, D.C.c d d (Energy and Buildings, 2013)
A transient heat transfer model was developed to numerically predict the thermal behaviour of the external walls of a room under realistic outdoor conditions. The excitation is not simply sinusoidal even though it is considered to have daily periodicity. The numerical model is based on the finite difference method and handles one-dimensional heat conduction through multilayered walls. The boundary condition at the outer surface of the wall is described with the sol-air temperature concept. The temperatures of indoor air and of other internal surfaces in the room are assumed to be equal and constant. The numerical results were used to calculate values of the decrement factor and time lag of several walls. The calculation followed two methods found in literature, in which these parameters are assumed constant, distinguished by the temperature evolution used: the sol-air or the wall's outer surface. Additionally, the inner surface temperature is used in both methods. The walls investigated range from low to high mass construction, face towards various directions and have light or dark coloured sunlit outer surfaces. The heat fluxes at the inner surface of the walls predicted by numerical modelling and estimated by the simplified methods are compared in detail to conclude on the validity of these simplified methods. As a by-product it is also possible to conclude on the dependence of the decrement factor and of the time lag on the outer surface colour and on the orientation of different types of walls. The results show that both simplified methods have poor accuracy in a significant number of cases. Also, it was found that the wall's azimuth significantly affects the time lag.© 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.
cited By 3

Optimização do Processo de Equilibragem Dinâmica – Metodologia Multiponto - Silva, Tiago A.N.; Roque, António A. (2013)
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Oxidative stress in deep scattering layers: Heat shock response and antioxidant enzymes activities of myctophid fishes thriving in oxygen minimum zones - A.R. Lopes; Trübenbach, K.; Teixeira, T.; Lopes, V.M.; Pires, V.; Baptista, M.; Repolho, T.; Calado, R.; Diniz, M.; Rosa, R. (Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 2013)
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cited By (since 1996)0

Prediction of thermal load temperature difference values for the external envelope of rooms with setback and setup thermostats - Ruivo, C.R.a b , Ferreira, P.M.c , Vaz, D.C.c (Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013)
The Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) values available in the literature for using the simplified CLTD method only apply to rooms under constant indoor air temperature. Due to this limitation, the present paper extends the application of this simplified approach to cooling and heating loads estimation of rooms with daily and weekend setback and setup thermostats, and introduces the term thermal load temperature difference (TLTD). To generate the values of TLTD, a transient heat transfer model, and the corresponding numerical tool, has been developed to predict the thermal behaviour of multilayered walls and flat roofs. The sol-air temperature concept is used. The internal thermal capacity of the room is assumed negligible. The TLTD evolutions have been generated for a wall and a roof, of high mass construction, with setback and setup thermostats in winter and summer scenarios. The periods in which the room is unoccupied have been taken in due account. The TLTD evolutions allowed the estimation of: the energy transferred at the inner surface and the maximum thermal load. Among the cases studied, the relative difference found in the energy transferred through the sunlit envelope, roof or wall under summer conditions, is about 20% when the temperature control strategy is changed from A to B. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
cited By 5

Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels as functional electrolytes - Ramos, A.M.a b , Pereira, S.a b , Cidade, M.T.a , Pereira, G.a , Branquinho, R.a , Pereira, L.a b , Martins, R.a b , Fortunato, (Solid State Ionics, 2013)
In this work Laponite was combined with a modified abundant natural polymer, (caboxymethyl cellulose), acrylic sodium salt polymer and lithium perchlorate aiming to produce inexpensive and sustainable nanocomposite electrolytes for functional electrochemical devices. Optical, electrochemical, structural, morphological and rheological characterization was performed in order to evaluate their properties and potential advantages as electrolyte. It was verified that the addition of Laponite led to an ionic conductivity at room temperature (25 C) in the range of 6 to 9 × 10- 5 Scm - 1 this value being then determined by the composition of the nanocomposite. These electrolytes were applied to electrochromic devices using evaporated nickel oxide thin film as the electrochromic layer. The devices exhibited a significant transmittance modulation that exceeds 45 % at 600 nm. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
cited By 4

The role of internal structure in the anomalous switching dynamics of metal-oxide/polymer resistive random access memories - Rocha, P.R.F.; Kiazadeh, A.; De Leeuw, D.M.; Meskers, S.C.J.; Verbakel, F.; Taylor, D.M.; Gomes, H. L. (Journal of Applied Physics, 2013)
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Solution structure, dynamics and binding studies of a family 11 carbohydrate-binding module from Clostridium thermocellum (CtCBM11) - Viegas, Aldino; Sardinha, Joao; Freire, Filipe; Duarte, Daniel F; Carvalho, Ana L.; Fontes, Carlos M. G. A.; Romao, Maria J.; Macedo, Anjos L; Cabrita, Eurico J. (The Biochemical journal, 2013)
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Speeding up the screening of steroids in urine: Development of a user-friendly library - Galesio, M.; López-Fdez, H.; Reboiro-Jato, M.; Gómez-Meire, S.; Glez-Peña, D.; Fdez-Riverola, F.; Lodeiro, C.; Diniz, M.E.; Capelo, J. L. (Steroids, 2013)
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cited By (since 1996)0

The Structural Basis of the Recognition of Di-glucosylated N-glycans by the ER Lectin Malectin - Palma, Angelina S.; Pinheiro, Benedita; Liu, Yan; Takeda, Yoichi; Chai, Wengang; Ito, Yukishige; Romao, Maria Joao; Carvalho, Ana Luisa; Feizi, Ten (Glycobiology, 2013)
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Two Traditional Maize Inbred Lines of Contrasting Technological Abilities Are Discriminated by the Seed Flour Proteome - Pinheiro, C.; Sergeant, K; Machado, C. M.; Renaut, J; Ricardo, C. P. (Journal of Proteome Research, 2013)
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Pinheiro, Carla Sergeant, Kjell Machado, Catia M. Renaut, Jenny Ricardo, Candido P.

Two Traditional Maize Inbred Lines of Contrasting Technological Abilities Are Discriminated by the Seed Flour Proteome - Pinheiro, C.; Sergeant, K; Machado, C. M.; Renaut, J; Ricardo, C. P. (Journal of Proteome Research, 2013)
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Using decomposition to improve greedy solutions of the optimal diversity management problem - Agra, A.; Cerdeira, J.O.; Requejo, C. (International Transactions in Operational Research, 2013)
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Web-GIS models: accomplishing modularity with aspects - Matias Urbieta,; Oliveira, Ana; Araújo, João; Armanda Rodrigues,; Moreira, Ana; Gordillo, Sílvia; Gustavo Rossi (Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, 2013)
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Keywords: Aspect-oriented software development; Web geographical information systems

{Alternative methodology for chitin-hydroxyapatite composites using ionic liquids and supercritical fluid technology} - Silva, S.S.; Duarte, A.R.C.; Oliveira, J.M.; Mano, J.F.; Reis, R.L. (Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, 2013)
An alternative, green method was used to develop chitin-based biocomposite (ChHA) materials by an integrated strategy using ionic liquids, supercritical fluid drying, and salt leaching. ChHA matrices were produced by dissolving chitin in 1-butyl-methylimidazolium acetate along with salt and/or hydroxyapatite particles and then subsequent drying. The ChHA composite formed had a heterogeneous porous microstructure with 65{%}-85{%} porosity and pore sizes in the range of 100-300 $μ$m. The hydroxyapatite was found to be well distributed within the composite structures and had a positive effect in the viability and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells, in vitro. Our findings indicate that these ChHA matrices have potential applications in bone tissue engineering. © The Author(s) 2013.
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Keywords: Chitin; Composites; controlled pore sizes; Hydroxyapatite; ionic liquids; salt leaching; scaffold pores sizing; supercritical fluid technology

{Design and functionalization of chitin-based microsphere scaffolds} - Silva, Simone S; Duarte, Ana Rita C; João F. Mano; Reis, Rui L (Green Chemistry, 2013)
Chitin agglomerated scaffolds were produced and functionalized using the green chemistry principles and clean technologies. Such combination enabled the functionalization of chitin microparticles prepared through dissolution of the polymer in ionic liquids, followed by of the application of a sol-gel method. Finally, the 3D constructs were moulded and dried using a supercritical assisted agglomeration method. Structural and morphological characterization is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography ([small micro]-CT). An evaluation of the bioactive behavior of the matrices was made by immersing them in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 21 days. The potential of such matrices as drug delivery systems was evaluated after the incorporation of dexamethasone into the matrices during drying in supercritical assisted agglomeration. The findings suggested that the morphological features such as porosity, interconnectivity and pore size distribution of the matrices can be tunned by changing particle size, chitin concentration and the pressure applied during moulding. Chitin microspheres were modified by siloxane and silanol groups, providing a bioactive behavior; the apatite formation was shown to be dependent on the amount and arrangement of silanol groups. Furthermore, in vitro drug release studies showed that dexamethasone was sustainably released. All findings suggest that this strategy is a feasible and advantageous process to obtain chitin-based 3D structures with both functional and structural characteristics that make then suitable for regenerative medicine applications.
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{Gelatin n Zn(CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochromic Devices} - Alves, Raquel D.; Rodrigues, Lu\'ısa C.; Andrade, Juliana R.; Fernandes, Mariana; Pinto, Joana V.; Pereira, Lu\'ıs; Pawlicka, Agnieszka; Martins, Rodrigo; Fortunato, Elvira; {de Zea Bermudez}, Verónica; Silva, Maria Manuela (Electroanalysis, 2013)
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Keywords: 10; 1002; 201300038; doi; elan; electrochromic devices; gelatin matrix; solid polymer electrolytes; zinc triflate

{Nano-MgO-ZrO2 Mixed Metal oxides: Characterization by SIMS and application in the reduction of carbonyl compounds and in multicomponent reactions} - Gawande, Manoj B.; Rathi, Anuj K; Paula S. Branco; T. M. Potewar; Velhinho, Alexandre; Nogueira, Isabel D.; Tolstoguzov, Alexander; Ghumman, C. Amjad A.; Teodoro, Orlando M. N. D. (RSC Advances, 2013)
A nano-sized Magnesia–Zirconia (nano-MgO–ZrO2) catalyst was prepared by a simple ultradilution co-precipitation method and by using inexpensive precursors. The nano-MgO–ZrO2 was extensively characterized by SIMS together with other analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nano-MgO–ZrO2 catalyst proved to be very efficient for the reduction of carbonyl compounds and multicomponent reactions under mild reaction conditions. The recyclability and reusability of the nano-MgO–ZrO2 catalyst has been tested.
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{Porous hydrogels from shark skin collagen crosslinked under dense carbon dioxide atmosphere} - Fernandes-Silva, S.; Moreira-Silva, J.; Silva, T.H.; Perez-Martin, R.I.; Sotelo, C.G.; Mano, J.F.; Duarte, A.R.C.; Reis, R.L. (Macromolecular Bioscience, 2013)
The possibility to fabricate marine collagen porous structures crosslinked with genipin under high pressure carbon dioxide is investigated. Collagen from shark skin is used to prepare pre-scaffolds by freeze-drying. The poor stability of the structures and low mechanical properties require crosslinking of the structures. Under dense CO 2 atmosphere, crosslinking of collagen pre-scaffolds is allowed for 16 h. Additionally, the hydrogels are foamed and the scaffolds obtained present a highly porous structure. In vitro cell culture tests performed with a chondrocyte-like cell line show good cell adherence and proliferation, which is a strong indication of the potential of these scaffolds to be used in tissue cartilage tissue engineering. The development of an optimized processing technique for the preparation of stable structures from marine origin collagen is described. The samples are processed under a dense carbon dioxide atmosphere that promotes crosslinking and enhances the morphology of the 3D architectures obtained. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH {&} Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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Keywords: Collagen; hydrogels; marine biotechnology; Supercritical fluids; tissue engineering

{Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels as functional electrolytes} - a.M. Ramos; Pereira, S.; Cidade, M.T.; Pereira, G.; Branquinho, R.; Pereira, L.; Martins, R.; Fortunato, E. (Solid State Ionics, 2013)
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Keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose; electrochromic devices; Electrolyte; Hydrogel; Laponite

{Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocomposite hydrogels as functional electrolytes} - Ramos, A. M.; Pereira, S.; Cidade, M.T.; Pereira, G.; Branquinho, R.; Pereira, L.; Martins, R.; Fortunato, E. (Solid State Ionics, 2013)
In this work Laponite was combined with a modified abundant natural polymer, (caboxymethyl cellulose), acrylic sodium salt polymer and lithium perchlorate aiming to produce inexpensive and sustainable nanocomposite electrolytes for functional electrochemical devices. Optical, electrochemical, structural, morphological and rheological characterization was performed in order to evaluate their properties and potential advantages as electrolyte. It was verified that the addition of Laponite led to an ionic conductivity at room temperature (25 C) in the range of 6 to 9 ?? 10- 5 Scm - 1 this value being then determined by the composition of the nanocomposite. These electrolytes were applied to electrochromic devices using evaporated nickel oxide thin film as the electrochromic layer. The devices exhibited a significant transmittance modulation that exceeds 45 {%} at 600 nm. ?? 2013 Elsevier B.V.
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Keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose; electrochromic devices; Electrolyte; Hydrogel; Laponite

PT 106220 - Engineering, Tissue; Based, Cell; Gualtar, Campus D E; Manuela, Maria; Gomes, Estima; Rita, A N A; Duarte, Cruz; Fornecer, Sentido D E; Estrutura, U M A; Interconectada, Porosa E; Crescimento, D E Suporte A O (2013)
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PT 106220 - Engineering, Tissue; Based, Cell; Gualtar, Campus D E; Manuela, Maria; Gomes, Estima; Rita, A N A; Duarte, Cruz; Fornecer, Sentido D E; Estrutura, U M A; Interconectada, Porosa E; Crescimento, D E Suporte A O (2013)
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{Self-organized colloidal quantum dots and metal nanoparticles for plasmon-enhanced intermediate-band solar cells} - Mendes, Manuel J; Hernández, Estela; López, Esther; García-Linares, Pablo; Ramiro, Iñigo; Artacho, Irene; Antolín, Elisa; Tobías, Ignacio; Martí, Antonio; Luque, Antonio (Nanotechnology, 2013)
A colloidal deposition technique is presented to construct long-range ordered hybrid arrays of self-assembled quantum dots and metal nanoparticles. Quantum dots are promising for novel opto-electronic devices but, in most cases, their optical transitions of interest lack sufficient light absorption to provide a significant impact in their implementation. A potential solution is to couple the dots with localized plasmons in metal nanoparticles. The extreme confinement of light in the near-field produced by the nanoparticles can potentially boost the absorption in the quantum dots by up to two orders of magnitude. In this work, light extinction measurements are employed to probe the plasmon resonance of spherical gold nanoparticles in lead sulfide colloidal quantum dots and amorphous silicon thin-films. Mie theory computations are used to analyze the experimental results and determine the absorption enhancement that can be generated by the highly intense near-field produced in the vicinity of the gold nanoparticles at their surface plasmon resonance. The results presented here are of interest for the development of plasmon-enhanced colloidal nanostructured photovoltaic materials, such as colloidal quantum dot intermediate-band solar cells.
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{Six not-so-easy pieces in intermediate band solar cell research} - Martí, Antonio; Antolín, Elisa; García Linares, Pablo; Ramiro, Iñigo; Artacho, Irene; López, Esther; Hernández, Estela; Mendes, Manuel J; Mellor, Alex; Tobías, Ignacio; Fuertes Marrón, David; Tablero, Cesar; et al. (Journal of Photonics for Energy, 2013)
Abstract.  The concept of intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) is, apparently, simple to grasp. However, since the idea was proposed, our understanding has improved and some concepts can now be explained more clearly than when the concept was initially introduced. Clarifying these concepts is important, even if they are well known for the advanced researcher, so that research efforts can be driven in the right direction from the start. The six pieces of this work are: Does a miniband need to be formed when the IBSC is implemented with quantum dots? What are the problems for each of the main practical approaches that exist today? What are the simplest experimental techniques to demonstrate whether an IBSC is working as such or not? What is the issue with the absorption coefficient overlap and the Mott's transition? What would the best system be, if any?
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{Study and Characterization of a Novel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Agar Doped with Magnesium Triflate} - Alves, R. D.; Rodrigues, L. C.; Andrade, J. R.; Pawlicka, A.; Pereira, L.; Martins, R.; Fortunato, E.; Silva, M. M. (Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2013)
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{Unleashing the potential of supercritical fluids for polymer processing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine} - Duarte, Ana Rita C; Santo, Vitor E.; Alves, Anabela; Silva, Simone S; Moreira-Silva, Joana; Silva, Tiago H.; Marques, Alexandra P.; Sousa, Rui A.; Gomes, Manuela E.; João F. Mano; Reis, Rui L (Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2013)
One of the major scientific challenges that tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) faces to move from benchtop to bedside regards biomaterials development, despite the latest advances in polymer processing technologies. A variety of scaffolds processing techniques have been developed and include solvent casting and particles leaching, compression molding and particle leaching, thermally induced phase separation, rapid prototyping, among others. Supercritical fluids appear as an interesting alternative to the conventional methods for processing biopolymers as they do not require the use of large amounts of organic solvents and the processes can be conducted at mild temperatures. However, this processing technique has only recently started to receive more attention from researchers. Different processing methods based on the use of supercritical carbon dioxide have been proposed for the creation of novel architectures based on natural and synthetic polymers and these will be unleashed in this paper. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Keywords: biomaterials; Foaming; natural polymers; Phase inversion; Scaffolds; Supercritical fluid drying; Supercritical fluids; tissue engineering

{Unleashing the potential of supercritical fluids for polymer processing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine} - Duarte, Ana Rita C; Santo, Vitor E.; Alves, Anabela; Silva, Simone S; Moreira-Silva, Joana; Silva, Tiago H.; Marques, Alexandra P.; Sousa, Rui A.; Gomes, Manuela E.; João F. Mano; Reis, Rui L (Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2013)
One of the major scientific challenges that tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) faces to move from benchtop to bedside regards biomaterials development, despite the latest advances in polymer processing technologies. A variety of scaffolds processing techniques have been developed and include solvent casting and particles leaching, compression molding and particle leaching, thermally induced phase separation, rapid prototyping, among others. Supercritical fluids appear as an interesting alternative to the conventional methods for processing biopolymers as they do not require the use of large amounts of organic solvents and the processes can be conducted at mild temperatures. However, this processing technique has only recently started to receive more attention from researchers. Different processing methods based on the use of supercritical carbon dioxide have been proposed for the creation of novel architectures based on natural and synthetic polymers and these will be unleashed in this paper. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Keywords: biomaterials; Foaming; natural polymers; Phase inversion; Scaffolds; Supercritical fluid drying; Supercritical fluids; tissue engineering

How host heterogeneity governs tuberculosis reinfection? - Gomes, M. Gabriela M.; Aguas, Ricardo; Lopes, Joao S.; Nunes, Marta C.; Rebelo, Carlota; Rodrigues, Paula; Struchiner, Claudio J. (PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2012)
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{New quinoline alpha-diimine ligands as fluorescent probes for metal ions: Ultrasound-assisted and conventional synthetic methods} - Bruno Pedras,; Vitor Rosa,; Richard Welter,; Carlos Lodeiro,; Aviles, Teresa (INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA, 2012)
{Three new emissive 8-aminoquinoline derived probes (1)-(3) and one dinuclear Zn(II) complex (4) were synthesized and fully characterized. Their absorption spectra show maxima at 310-336 nm, and fluorescence emission between 456 and 498 nm. Compound (1) was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The effect upon Zn(II) and Cu(II) coordination to compounds (1)-(3) was studied by monitoring the changes in absorption and fluorescence spectra, and complemented by calculation of metal-ligand stability constants. The results indicate that compound (3) is the one that presents the most favorable geometry for coordinating two metal cations, fact that is confirmed by the synthesis of the dinuclear complex (4), with similar molecular geometry. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}
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{1,1 `-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene bridging two mono(cyclopentadienyl) cobalt moieties: Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry and DFT studies} - Vitor Rosa,; Realista, Sara; Mourato, Ana; Abrantes, Luisa Maria; Henriques, Joao; Calhorda, Maria Jose; Aviles, Teresa; Drew, Michael G. B.; Felix, Vitor (JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, 2012)
{Reaction of {[}Co(eta(5)-C5H5)(CO)(2)], 1, with 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) yields the new trinuclear complex {[}Co(eta(5)-C5H5)(CO)](2)(mu-dppf), 2, which was structurally characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction and showed two Co(eta(5)-C5H5)(CO) moieties covalently linked by a dppf bridge. Electrochemical studies in dichloromethane revealed that both Co(I) and Fe(II) in the precursors were oxidized to Co(II)/Co(III) and Fe(III), respectively. On the other hand, in 2 the two first oxidation waves were assigned to Co, the Fe(II) centre requiring a higher potential than in free dppf. DFT calculations showed that the HOMOs of 2 were localised in the Co fragments, owing to the destabilisation of the Co(eta(5)-C5H5)(CO) orbitals after binding dppf. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}
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Lead in liver and kidney of exposed rats: Aging accumulation study. - Guimarães, Diana; Carvalho, Maria Luisa; Geraldes, Vera; Rocha, Isabel; Alves, Luís Cerqueira; Santos, Jose Paulo (J. Trace Elem. Med Biol., 2012)
The concentration of lead in liver and kidneys of Wistar rats, fed with lead since fetal period in relation to their age and to a control group, was determined. A group of rats was exposed to lead acetate (n=30) in drinking water and the other group was exposed to normal water (n=20). Samples were collected from rats aging between 1 and 11 months and were analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) without any chemical preparation. The EDXRF results were assessed by the PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) technique. The formaldehyde used to preserve the samples was also analyzed by ETAAS (Electro-Thermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) in order to verify if there was any loss of lead from the samples to the formaldehyde. We found that the loss was not significant (<2%). Concerning the mean values of the lead concentration measured in the contaminated soft tissues, in liver they range from 6 to 22μgg(-1), and in kidneys from 44 to 79μgg(-1). The control rats show, in general, values below the EDXRF detection limit (2μgg(-1)). The ratio kidney/liver ranges from 2 to 10 and is strongly positively correlated with the age of the animals. A Spearman correlation matrix to investigate the correlation between elemental concentrations and the dependence of these concentrations with age showed that there is a strong positive correlation with age for lead in the liver but not in the kidney. The correlation matrix showed also that the concentration of lead in these two soft tissues is not correlated. The lead accumulation in liver is made by different plateaus that strongly decrease with age. It was verified the existence of two levels of accumulation in kidney, not very highlighted, which might be indicative of a maximum accumulation level for lead in kidney.
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Lead in liver and kidney of exposed rats: Aging accumulation study. - Guimarães, Diana; Carvalho, Maria Luisa; Geraldes, Vera; Rocha, Isabel; Alves, Luís Cerqueira; Santos, Jose Paulo (Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2012)
The concentration of lead in liver and kidneys of Wistar rats, fed with lead since fetal period in relation to their age and to a control group, was determined. A group of rats was exposed to lead acetate (n=30) in drinking water and the other group was exposed to normal water (n=20). Samples were collected from rats aging between 1 and 11 months and were analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) without any chemical preparation. The EDXRF results were assessed by the PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) technique. The formaldehyde used to preserve the samples was also analyzed by ETAAS (Electro-Thermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) in order to verify if there was any loss of lead from the samples to the formaldehyde. We found that the loss was not significant (<2%). Concerning the mean values of the lead concentration measured in the contaminated soft tissues, in liver they range from 6 to 22μgg(-1), and in kidneys from 44 to 79μgg(-1). The control rats show, in general, values below the EDXRF detection limit (2μgg(-1)). The ratio kidney/liver ranges from 2 to 10 and is strongly positively correlated with the age of the animals. A Spearman correlation matrix to investigate the correlation between elemental concentrations and the dependence of these concentrations with age showed that there is a strong positive correlation with age for lead in the liver but not in the kidney. The correlation matrix showed also that the concentration of lead in these two soft tissues is not correlated. The lead accumulation in liver is made by different plateaus that strongly decrease with age. It was verified the existence of two levels of accumulation in kidney, not very highlighted, which might be indicative of a maximum accumulation level for lead in kidney.
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Application of hyperthermia for cancer treatment: recent patents review - Soares PIP; Ferreira IMM; Igreja RAGBN; Novo CMM; Borges JPMR (Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery, 2012)
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