@article {Carvalho2022,
	title = {Evaluation of different analytical approaches using total reflection X-ray fluorescence systems for multielemental analysis of human tissues with different adipose content},
	journal = {Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy},
	volume = {198},
	year = {2022},
	note = {n/a},
	month = {12},
	publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
	abstract = {<p>Elemental content plays an important role in biological processes, and so, the multielemental analysis of human tissue samples is required in biomedical research. Still, the small amount of available biological samples and the adipose content of the samples can be major setbacks for the accurate determination of elemental content. In this study, we explored the potential of several analytical approaches combined with total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) for multielemental analysis of human tissues with different adipose content (colon, heart, liver, lung, muscle, intestine, skin, stomach, uterus, bladder and aorta). The capabilities and limitations of different sample treatment procedures (suspension and acidic digestion) and two TXRF systems with different anode configurations (Mo and W X-ray tubes) have been evaluated for such purpose. Results showed that for tissues with a higher fat content (e.g., skin, and intestine) the best strategy was the acidic digestion of the sample before TXRF analysis. However, for other tissues, acceptable results were obtained by suspending 20 mg of powdered material in 1 mL of 2 M nitric acid. A further enhancement of the limits of detection and accuracy of the results was achieved if using Mo-TXRF systems, especially for the determination of low Z elements (e.g., K, and Ca) and of elements present at low concentrations (e.g., Cu) in the human tissues. Finally, results by TXRF analysis were compared with those obtained with μ-EDXRF and ICP-OES, and a good agreement was obtained.</p>
},
	keywords = {EDXRF, Human tissues, Multielemental analysis, Sample preparation, TXRF},
	issn = {05848547},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sab.2022.106548},
	author = {Patr{\'\i}cia M. Carvalho and Eva Margu{\'\i} and Aldona Kubala-Kuku{\'s} and Dariusz Bana{\'s} and Machado, Jorge and Diogo Casal and Diogo Pais and Jos{\'e} Paulo Santos and Pessanha, Sofia}
}
