@book {12349, title = {fib Bulletin 84. Precast Insulated Sandwich Panels}, series = {fib Bulletin 84}, number = {fib Bulletin}, year = {2017}, note = {

n/a

}, publisher = {International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib)}, organization = {International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib)}, address = {Lausanne}, abstract = {

Precast concrete sandwich panels started being used as cladding for buildings, together with the rise of industrial prefabrication, during the mid-20th century. Since then, society and industry have become increasingly aware of energy efficiency in all fields, for both affordability and sustainability consciousness. As such, buildings have been subject to increasingly stringent requirements with the technology of sandwich panels kept continually at the forefront.
Nowadays, sandwich panels have reached the highest standards of functional performance as structural efficiency, flexibility in use, the speed as well as of aesthetic appeal. These combine in building construction with the well-known advantages of prefabrication; such as construction, quality consciousness, durability and sustainability. Sandwich panels have gained more and more important in their field, thus representing quite a significant application within the industry of prefabrication and an important share of the market.
The Commission {\textquoteleft}Prefabrication{\textquoteright} is keen to promote the development of all precast structural concrete products and to transfer the knowledge to practical design and construction. Now filling a strategic gap, by issuing this Guide to Good Practice, which includes design considerations, structural analysis, building physics, use of materials, manufacturing methods, equipment, field performance, and provides a comprehensive overview of the information currently available worldwide. The Commission is particularly proud that this document is a result of close cooperation with PCI and that it will be published by both fib and PCI. This cooperation started six years ago, first with comparing the different approaches to several issues, then progressively integrating up to producing common documents, like this one, that wasn{\textquoteright}t yet treated in a specific Guide by either body.

}, isbn = {978-2-88394-114-4}, author = {Hughes, Simon and Acker, Arnold Van and Chastre, Carlos and Gasperi, Antonello and Jones, George and Karutz, Holger and Krohn, Jason and Lalibert{\'e}, Diane and Lindstrom, Gosta and Ronchetti, Alessandra and Sennour, Larbi and Seshappa, Venkatesh and Sthaladipti, Saha and Suika, Arto and Tillman, Mathias and Tsoukantas, Spyros} } @article {12343, title = {Application of fuzzy inference system for determining weathering degree of some monument stones in Iran}, journal = {Journal of Cultural Heritage}, volume = {25}, year = {2017}, note = {n/a}, pages = {41-55}, chapter = {41}, abstract = {

This paper presents a comparative evaluation of efficiencies of different accelerated ageing tests (freezethaw, thermal shock, salt crystallization, dissolution and wetting-drying) and fuzzy inference system in predicting weathering degrees of some monument stones from three historical sites (Anahita Temple, Anobanini reliefs and Eshkaft-e Salman reliefs, Iran). The combined effects of natural weathering processes (heating and cooling, wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing) and climatic information were used for assessing the natural weathering degrees. Finally, the natural weathering degrees were multiplied by time effect coefficients to obtain more realistic natural weathering degrees of the monuments. The predicted natural weathering degrees for Anahita Temple, Anobanini reliefs and Eshkaft-e Salman reliefs are 56\%, 61\%, and 47\%, respectively. These predicted values reasonably support the weathering degrees defined by progressive decay indices (calculated equal to 2.77, 3.42 and 2.66 for Anahita Temple, Anobanini reliefs and Eshkaft-e Salman reliefs, respectively), which means the fuzzy model potentially could accurately predict the weathering of stones.

}, keywords = {Fuzzy inference system, Monument stones, Weathering degree}, isbn = {12962074}, author = {Heidari, Mojtaba and Chastre, Carlos and Torabi-Kaveh, Mehdi and Ludovico-Marques, Marco and Mohseni, Hassan} } @booklet {13391, title = {C{\'a}ceres-Florencia, patrimonio vivo: Ensayos t{\'e}cnico-arquitect{\'o}nicos}, journal = {Suplementos de Investigaci{\'o}n en Construcciones Arquitect{\'o}nicas }, volume = {3}, year = {2017}, note = {

DL: CC-000112-2017

}, pages = {156}, publisher = {Grupo de Investigaci{\'o}n de Construcciones Arquitect{\'o}nicas de la Universidad de Extremadura}, address = {C{\'a}ceres}, abstract = {n/a}, isbn = {978-84617-8992-4}, author = {Salcedo Hern{\'a}ndez, Jos{\'e} Carlos and Fortea Luna, Manuel and Lauria, Antonio and Rovero, Luisa and Tonietti, Ugo and Chastre, Carlos and Gonz{\'a}lez Jim{\'e}nez, Luis and Matas Casco, Miguel and Saumell Llad{\'o}, Juan}, editor = {Salcedo, Jos{\'e}-Carlos} } @article {12342, title = {Determination of weathering degree of the Persepolis stone under laboratory and natural conditions using fuzzy inference system}, journal = {Construction and Building Materials}, volume = {145}, year = {2017}, note = {n/a}, pages = {28-41}, chapter = {28}, abstract = {

Weathering imposes vital effects on stony monuments. Mostly, the degree of weathering is determined by simple test results, ignoring simultaneous effects of various weathering factors. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to develop prediction models with fuzzy inference systems to determine the weathering degree of the Persepolis stone, using various accelerated ageing tests in laboratory condition and to extrapolate the results to the natural condition, considering climatic information. The results suggest reliable conformity between the prediction of the weathering degree of the stone and the weathering degree observed in the Persepolis complex in natural condition.

}, keywords = {Fuzzy inference system, Persepolis stone, Weathering degree}, isbn = {09500618}, author = {Heidari, Mojtaba and Torabi-Kaveh, Mehdi and Chastre, Carlos and Ludovico-Marques, Marco and Mohseni, Hassan and Akefi, Hossein} } @book {10038, title = {fib Bulletin 78. Precast-concrete buildings in seismic areas}, series = {fib bulletin}, number = {fib Bulletin 78}, year = {2016}, note = {

n/a

}, month = {2016}, pages = {273}, publisher = {International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib)}, organization = {International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib)}, address = {Lausanne}, abstract = {

This document has a broad scope and is not focussed on design issues. Precast construction under seismic conditions is treated as a whole. The main principles of seismic design of different structural systems, their behavior and their construction techniques are presented through rules, construction steps and sequences, procedures, and details that should lead to precast structures built in seismic areas complying with the fundamental performance requirements of collapse prevention and life safety in major earthquakes and limited damage in more frequent earthquakes.The content of this document is largely limited to conventional precast construction and, although some information is provided on the well-known {\textquotedblleft}PRESSS technology{\textquotedblright} (jointed ductile dry connections), this latter solution is not treated in detail in this document.The general overview, contained in this document, of alternative structural systems and connection solutions available to achieve desired performance levels, intends to provide engineers, architects, clients, and end-users (in general) with a better appreciation of the wide range of applications that modern precast concrete technology can have in various types of construction from industrial to commercial as well as residential. Lastly, the emphasis on practical aspects, from conceptual design to connection detailing, aims to help engineers to move away from the habit of blindly following prescriptive codes in their design, but instead go back to basic principles, in order to achieve a more robust understanding, and thus control, of the seismic behaviour of the structural system as a whole, as well as of its components and individual connections.

}, isbn = {978-2-88394-118-2}, url = {http://www.fib-international.org/precast-concrete-buildings-in-seismic-areas}, attachments = {https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/sites/default/files/cmcr/files/fib_bulletin78.jpg}, author = {Tsoukantas, Spyros and Toniolo, Giandomenico and Pampanin, Stefano and Ghosh, S. K. and Sennour, Larbi and D{\textquoteright}Arcy, Thomas and Sthaladipti, Saha and Menegotto, Marco and {\"O}zden, {\c S}evket and V{\'a}lter L{\'u}cio and Chastre, Carlos and Dritsos, Stefanos and Psycharis, Ioannis and Topintzis, Tryfon and Kremmyda, Georgia and Fern{\'a}ndez-Ord{\'o}{\~n}ez, David and de Chefdebien, Andr{\'e} and Hughes, Simon and Rajala, Lasse} } @book {10037, title = {fib Bulletin 74. Planning and design handbook on precast building structures}, series = {fib bulletin}, number = {fib Bulletin 74}, year = {2014}, note = {

n/a

}, month = {2014}, pages = {313}, publisher = {International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib)}, organization = {International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib)}, address = {Lausanne}, abstract = {

In 1994 fib Commission 6: Prefabrication edited a successful Planning and Design Handbook that ran to approximately 45,000 copies and was published in Spanish and German.Nearly 20 years later Bulletin 74 brings that first publication up to date. It offers a synthesis of the latest structural design knowledge about precast building structures against the background of 21st century technological innovations in materials, production and construction. With it, we hope to help architects and engineers achieve a full understanding of precast concrete building structures, the possibilities they offer and their specific design philosophy. It was principally written for non-seismic structures.

The handbook contains eleven chapters, each dealing with a specific aspect of precast building structures.
The first chapter of the handbook highlights best practice opportunities that will enable architects, design engineers and contractors to work together towards finding efficient solutions, which is something unique to precast concrete buildings.
The second chapter offers basic design recommendations that take into account the possibilities, restrictions and advantages of precast concrete, along with its detailing, manufacture, transport, erection and serviceability stages.
Chapter three describes the precast solutions for the most common types of buildings such as offices, sports stadiums, residential buildings, hotels, industrial warehouses and car parks. Different application possibilities are explored to teach us which types of precast units are commonly used in all those situations.
Chapter four covers the basic design principles and systems related to stability. Precast concrete structures should be designed according to a specific stability concept, unlike cast in-situ structures.
Chapter five discusses structural connections.
Chapters six to nine address the four most commonly used systems or subsystems of precast concrete in buildings, namely, portal and skeletal structures, wall-frame structures, floor and roof structures and architectural concrete facades.
In chapter ten the design and detailing of a number of specific construction details in precast elements are discussed, for example, supports, corbels, openings and cutouts in the units, special features related to the detailing of the reinforcement, and so forth.
Chapter eleven gives guidelines for the fire design of precast concrete structures. The handbook concludes with a list of references to good literature on precast concrete construction.

}, isbn = {978-2-88394-114-4}, url = {http://www.fib-international.org/planning-and-design-handbook-on-precast-building-structures}, author = {Acker, Arnold Van and Chastre, Carlos and Crisp, Barry and Fernandez, David and V{\'a}lter L{\'u}cio and Elliott, Kim S. and Hughes, Simon and Jones, George and Karutz, Holger and Klein-Holte, Ronald and Maas, Stef and Menegotto, Marco and Tsoukantas, Spyros and Zee, Pieter van der} } @article {6316, title = {Numerical analysis of FRP anchorage zones with variable width}, journal = {Composites Part B: Engineering}, volume = {67}, year = {2014}, note = {

n/a

}, month = {11//}, pages = {410-426}, abstract = {

The use of Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) has recently become widespread in the construction industry. However, some drawbacks related to premature debonding of the FRP composites from the bonded substrates have been identified. One of the solutions proposed is the implementation of mechanical anchorage systems. Although some design guidelines have been developed, the actual knowledge continues to be rather limited. Thus, designers and researchers have not yet achieved any consensus on the efficiency of any particular anchor device in delaying or preventing the premature debonding failure mode that can occur in Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) systems. This paper studies the debonding phenomenon of FRP anchoring systems with a linear variable width, with a numerical analysis based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM). Combined systems with constant and variable width are also discussed. The FRP-to-parent material interfaces are modelled with a rigid-linear softening bond{\textendash}slip law. The numerical results showed that it is possible to attain the FRP rupture force with a variable width solution. This solution is particularly attractive when the bonded length is shorter than the effective bonded length because the strength of the interface can be highly incremented.

}, keywords = {A. Laminates, B. Debonding, B. Interface, C. Computational modelling, Distinct Element Method}, isbn = {1359-8368}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359836814003114}, author = {Biscaia, Hugo C. and Rui Micaelo and Teixeira, Jo{\~a}o and Chastre, Carlos} } @article {5879, title = {Delamination process analysis of FRP-to-parent material bonded joints with and without anchorage systems using the Distinct Element Method}, journal = {Composite Structures}, volume = {116}, year = {2014}, pages = {104{\textendash}119}, abstract = {

This study looks at the analysis of the interface between Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)-to-parent material bonded interfaces. The performance of FRP-to-parent material bonded joints for the Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) technique is numerically modelled with the PFC2D software which is based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM). It is believed that this represents the first time the DEM has been used to simulate the delamination process of FRP-to-parent material bonded joints. In order to validate the analysis performed with the DEM, a Pull-out test with no slip constrains was modelled and different linear bond-slip laws were assumed. The numerical results revealed that the DEM is capable of estimating with good accuracy the exact solutions of bond stresses, strains or slippages along the bonded length for linear bond-slip laws. The bi-linear law available in PFC2D was then compared to the numerical results obtained from other another code developed by the author. The delamination process of Pull-out tests with slip constrain at one of the free ends of the FRP plate is also described and analyzed. The results obtained from the DEM revealed that the delamination process ends with stiffness equal to the axial stiffness of the FRP plate. This evidence highlights the need to design mechanical anchor devices capable of preventing premature debonding which is known to occur on EBR systems.

}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.04.021}, author = {Biscaia, Hugo C. and Rui Micaelo and Teixeira, Jo{\~a}o and Chastre, Carlos} } @book {3036, title = {Estruturas Pr{\'e}-Moldadas no Mundo. Aplica{\c c}{\~o}es e Comportamento Estrutural}, year = {2012}, note = {

n/a

}, month = {2012}, pages = {320}, publisher = {Funda{\c c}{\~a}o da Faculdade de Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologias da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa}, organization = {Funda{\c c}{\~a}o da Faculdade de Ci{\^e}ncia e Tecnologias da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa}, chapter = {1-320}, address = {Brasil}, abstract = {

A ind{\'u}stria do bet{\~a}o pr{\'e} fabricado {\'e}, por tradi{\c c}{\~a}o, inovadora, precursora de novas tecnologias e de novos materiais.O processo produtivo de estruturas com elementos pr{\'e}-fabricados difere significativamente do das estruturas betonadas em obra pelo facto de uma parte, ou a totalidade, dos elementos da estrutura serem produzidos em f{\'a}brica, em condi{\c c}{\~o}es de produ{\c c}{\~a}o melhoradas em rela{\c c}{\~a}o {\`a}s condi{\c c}{\~o}es da obra, e serem posteriormente transportados para a obra, onde s{\~a}o, finalmente ligados entre si. A produ{\c c}{\~a}o em f{\'a}brica {\'e} efectuada em ambiente protegido do Sol e da chuva, com oper{\'a}rios fixos e com forma{\c c}{\~a}o profissional para desenvolverem tarefas com procedimentos normalizados. Consequentemente, os elementos executados em f{\'a}brica possuem melhor qualidade, sob v{\'a}rios aspectos, do que as estruturas executadas em obra.Este livro divide-se em duas grandes {\'a}reas, numa primeira abordam-se algumas aplica{\c c}{\~o}es de estruturas pr{\'e}-moldadas no mundo e numa segunda parte descreve-se o seu comportamento estrutural face a diferentes ac{\c c}{\~o}es. Nos primeiros cap{\'\i}tulos relata-se a experi{\^e}ncia da pr{\'e}-fabrica{\c c}{\~a}o em tr{\^e}s pa{\'\i}ses de diferentes continentes: o Brasil, Portugal e a Austr{\'a}lia e revelam-se novas oportunidades que poder{\~a}o surgir para a ind{\'u}stria da pr{\'e}-fabrica{\c c}{\~a}o. Nos cap{\'\i}tulos seguintes d{\'a}-se um especial enfoque {\`a} investiga{\c c}{\~a}o do comportamento das liga{\c c}{\~o}es (r{\'\i}gidas e semi-r{\'\i}gidas). Aborda-se o projecto de estruturas de bet{\~a}o pr{\'e}-fabricado {\`a}s ac{\c c}{\~o}es acidentais. E por fim, dedicam-se os {\'u}ltimos cap{\'\i}tulos ao comportamento das estruturas pr{\'e}-fabricadas face {\`a}s ac{\c c}{\~o}es s{\'\i}smicas. Nesta {\'a}rea, o bom desempenho das estruturas e grande parte do conhecimento e da tecnologia actual adv{\'e}m da resposta dada pelos engenheiros, investigadores e construtores aos fen{\'o}menos naturais que afectam as nossas constru{\c c}{\~o}es, como comprova o desempenho das liga{\c c}{\~o}es d{\'u}cteis resistentes a momentos em edif{\'\i}cios pr{\'e} fabricados de bet{\~a}o no verdadeiro teste s{\'\i}smico que foram os sismos de Christchurch de 2010 e 2011.

}, isbn = {978-989-97721-1-3}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235747793_Estruturas_Pre-Moldadas_no_Mundo_Aplicacoes_e_Comportamento_Estrutural}, author = {Chastre, Carlos and V{\'a}lter L{\'u}cio and Acker, Arnold Van and Crisp, Barry and Gutstein, Daniela and Saraiva, Filipe and Doniak, {\'I}ria and Krohn, Jason and Viegas, Jos{\'e} Barros and Ferreira,Marcelo and Menegotto, Marco and el Debs, Mounir and Hughes, Simon and Tsoukantas, Spyros and Pampanin, Stefano} } @book {3040, title = {fib Bulletin 63. Design of precast concrete structures against accidental actions}, series = {fib bulletin}, number = {63}, year = {2012}, note = {

n/a

}, pages = {78}, publisher = {F{\'e}d{\'e}ration internacionale du b{\'e}ton (fib)}, organization = {F{\'e}d{\'e}ration internacionale du b{\'e}ton (fib)}, address = {Lausanne}, abstract = {

Since the 1980{\textquoteright}s, several buildings throughout the world have been subject to gas explosions, impact by cars or airplanes, or car bomb attacks. In many cases the effect of the impact or explosion has been the failure of a critical structural member at the perimeter of the building. After the failure, the load supported by that member could not be redistributed and part or all of the structure has collapsed in a progressive manner. The phenomenon that occurs when local failure is not confined to the area of initial distress, and spreads horizontally and/or vertically through the structure, is termed progressive collapse.

Progressive collapse is a relatively rare event, as it requires both an accidental action to cause local damage and a structure that lacks adequate continuity, ductility, and redundancy to prevent the spread of damage. It is technically very difficult and economically prohibitive to design buildings for absolute safety. However it is possible to construct precast concrete buildings that afford an acceptable degree of safety with regard to accidental actions.

A structure is normally designed to respond properly, without damage, under normal load conditions, but local and/or global damages cannot be avoided under the effect of an unexpected, but moderate degree of accidental overload. Properly designed and constructed structures usually possess reasonable probability not to collapse catastrophically under such loads, depending on different factors, for example: the type of loading; the degree and the location of accidental loading in regard to the structure and its structural members; the type of structural system, the construction technology, and the spans between structural vertical members, etc.

No structure can be expected to be totally resistant to actions arising from an unexpected and extreme cause, but it should not be damaged to an extent that is disproportionate to the original cause.

The aim of fib Bulletin 63 is to summarize the present knowledge on the subject and to provide guidance for the design of precast structures against progressive collapse. This is addressed in terms of (a) the classification of the actions, (b) their effect on the structural types, (c) the strategies to cope with such actions, (d) the design methods and (e) some typical detailing, all supplemented with illustrations from around the world, and some model calculations.

}, isbn = {978-2-88394-103-8}, url = {http://www.fib-international.org/design-of-precast-concrete-structures-against-accidental-actions}, author = {Acker, Arnold Van and Chastre, Carlos and Cholewicky, Andrzej and Crisp, Barry and V{\'a}lter L{\'u}cio and Elliott, Kim S. and Engstr{\"o}m, Bj{\"o}rn and Gasperi, Antonello and Suikka, Arto and Tsoukantas, Spyros and Vambersky, Jan and Vantomme, John} } @inbook {3035, title = {Princ{\'\i}pios b{\'a}sicos para a conce{\c c}{\~a}o de estruturas de edif{\'\i}cios em zonas s{\'\i}smicas}, booktitle = {Estruturas Pr{\'e}-moldadas no Mundo - Aplica{\c c}{\~o}es e Comportamento Estrutural}, year = {2012}, note = {n/a}, pages = {227-248}, publisher = {Funda{\c c}{\~a}o da Faculdade de Ci{\^e}ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa}, organization = {Funda{\c c}{\~a}o da Faculdade de Ci{\^e}ncias e Tecnologia da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa}, chapter = {Princ{\'\i}pios b{\'a}sicos para a conce{\c c}{\~a}o de estruturas de edif{\'\i}cios em zonas s{\'\i}smicas}, abstract = {n/a}, isbn = {978-989-97721-1-3}, author = {Chastre, Carlos and V{\'a}lter L{\'u}cio and Tsoukantas, Spyros} }