@article {13369,
	title = {Uncertainty models of reinforced concrete beams in bending: code comparison and recycled aggregate incorporation},
	journal = {Journal of Structural Engineering},
	volume = {145},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	note = {<p>n/a</p>
},
	month = {2019/04/01},
	pages = {04019013},
	abstract = {<p>The bias factor of the Eurocode 2 [CEN (European Committee for Standardization) (2008). Eurocode 2: Design of ConcreteStructures{\textendash}Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings] and ACI 318 [ACI (American Concrete Institute) (2014). Building CodeRequirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary] flexural resistance models of reinforced concrete beams are compared withemphasis on the effect of the incorporation of coarse recycled aggregates sourced from concrete waste. The bias factor of the yielding momentcalculations according to both codes is also investigated, and the bias in the cracking moment when Eurocode 2 material clauses are used. Thedatabase was composed of 174 beams, and the criteria that led to its development are discussed. The effect of recycled aggregate incorporationon the statistical descriptors of the bias factor is evaluated and probabilistic modeling using lognormal distributions is argued for. Preliminarypartial safety factors for the bias factor of recycled aggregate concrete beams are proposed. No significant differences in the bias of theultimate moment were found between the two comparison vectors: Eurocode 2 versus ACI 318 specifications and recycled versus naturalcoarse aggregate. The bias of the cracking moment increased when coarse recycled aggregates were incorporated, most probably due to thehigher heterogeneity of recycled aggregates.</p>
},
	keywords = {Bias factor, Concrete beams, factors., Model uncertainty, Partial safety, Recycled aggregate concrete, Structural reliability},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002296},
	author = {Pacheco, J. and Brito, J. de and Chastre, C. and Evangelista, L.}
}
