@article {Antao2011,
	title = {Passive earth-pressure coefficients by upper-bound numerical limit analysis},
	journal = {Canadian Geotechnical Journal},
	volume = {48},
	number = {5},
	year = {2011},
	note = {n/a},
	pages = {767-780},
	abstract = {<p>A three-dimensional (3D) numerical implementation of the limit analysis upper-bound theorem is used to determine passive horizontal earth-pressure coefficients. An extension technique allowing determination of the 3D passive earth pressures for any width-to-height ratios greater than 7 is presented. The horizontal passive earth-pressure coefficients are presented and compared with solutions published previously. Results of the ratio between the 3D and two-dimensional horizontal passive earth-pressure coefficients are shown and found to be almost independent of the soil-to-wall friction ratio. A simple equation is proposed for calculating this passive earth-pressure ratio.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1139/t10-103},
	author = {Ant{\~a}o, Armando N. and Santana, T. and Vicente da Silva, M. and Guerra, N. M. C.}
}
