Stanimir Valtchev

The focus of this chapter is the electromagnetic interference (EMI) and the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) that the wireless power transfer (WPT) systems reveal as problems. The wireless power transfer (WPT) was introduced by Nikola Tesla more than one hundred years ago, and only recently it attracted the attention of specialists, due to the improved technical means. The WPT technology now has many applications, especially for charging of various electronic devices (i.e., mobile phones, laptops, implants, and home appliances), informatics, and electronics equipment. The high-power equipment and installations (e.g., intelligent machining systems, robots, forklift trucks, and electric cars) are also getting wireless. Moreover, much attention has been focused on the electric transportation system for improving the safe and convenient charging of electric vehicle (EV) batteries.

This paper presents a wireless energy transfer system operating at the frequency values of kHz order: modeling, simulation, and comparison with prototype measurement results. Wireless energy transfer system model using finite element method was carried out to simulate the electric field and the magnetic flux density for different air gap sizes between the transmitter and the receiver coils. Results are presented and compared with the electromagnetic emission measurements radiated by the wireless energy transfer system prototype. The electric field comparison between the simulated and the prototype measurement values shows an error of roughly 8.7{%}. In the recent years, the interest in the wireless energy transfer technology, especially for electric vehicles batteries charging, is rapidly increasing. As a result of the increasing application of this technology in the industrial and consumer electronic products, more concerns are raised about the electromagnetic compatibility, since the wireless energy transfer systems produce electromagnetic emissions in the surrounding environment.

This paper presents a wireless energy transfer (WET) system operating at the frequency of tens of kHz. It treats the modeling and simulation of WET prototype and its comparison with experimental measuring results. The wireless energy transfer system model was created to simulate the electric field between the emitting and the receiving coils, applying the finite element method. The results from the simulation are compared to the measured values of the electric field emission from the wireless energy transfer equipment. In the recent years the interest in the WET technology, especially for the electric vehicles (EV) batteries charging, is rapidly growing. The WET systems pollute the environment by electromagnetic emissions. Due to the expanding use of this technology in industrial and consumer electronics products, the problems associated with the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and the adverse impact on the human health becomes highly important.

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is one of the most promising topologies for high power-medium voltage application. However, the use of MMC in variable speed drive applications is still limited. This is due to the fact that the fluctuation of the submodules capacitor voltage is large at low speed constant torque operation. This paper proposes an improved balancing approach based on Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). The proposed method uses only one SVPWM, which not only simplifies the calculation but also reduces the submodules capacitor fluctuation and the circulating current in the MMC, thereby allowing the operation of MMC-based variable speed drive over the entire operating speed range and improve the converter efficiency. The closed loop operation of the MMC-based variable speed drive is verified through extensive simulations.

Important requirements for the modern electric drives are the high overload capacity and a wide range of speed control. A two-phase adjustable low-power drive has these properties, but its implementation in small-scale mechanics is hindered by the need a frequency converter that provides a three-phase power grid into a two-phase network, which is important when the power of the mechanisms increases. Previous studies have already shown the possibility of using a typical frequency converter based on a three-phase full-bridge voltage inverter applying space-vector PWM method. The switching frequency of the inverter remains, unfortunately, relatively high. It is not possible to reduce this frequency without degrading the harmonic composition. The goal of this work is to develop an algorithm for controlling the two-phase electric drive system, while reducing the numberof commutations of the switching devices of the three-phase inverter, and at the same time keeping the deviations of the instantaneous values of the phase currents close enough to the reference.

In this paper, we identify the common mode impedance of a parallel converter cell and the impact of each converter on the entire system. The study is done in two cases, favorable when all the sane converters, and degraded when at least one converter in insulation fault. We also put the distinction load type to see their effect on the propagation path. The equivalent method of the Thevenin and impedance circuit is used for the prediction electromagnetic interference generated by these converters. The good knowledge of these electromagnetic interferences allows a proper optimization of the filters (volume/efficiency), and the optimum choice of exploitation of the whole of the cell. The model is tested by PSpice simulation with a wide frequency range up to 30 MHz.

Problem of the reliability increasing of the vehicles electric drives is discussed in context of the reduction of the electric motor heating during variable character of movement. Opportunities of the induction motor stator winding heating reduction by means of the control of the vehicles electric drives in transient and steady state modes of movement are shown. Analytical expressions for dynamic torque, optimal on minimal of the winding temperature rise during acceleration, as well as expressions for dynamic torque and value of the motor torque limitation, optimal on energy consumption during acceleration are presented. It is shown that desire to reduce the stator winding temperature rise by means of dynamic torque optimal value selection or motor torque limitation can lead to the rise of energy consumption. Results of the modeling are presented.