Publications

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2019
Aelenei, D., R. Amaral Lopes, C. Silva, L. Aelenei, F. Costa, N. Majdalani, T. Simoes, J. Martins, and H. Goncalves. "Mapping Flexibility of Urban Energy Systems (FIRST) project: Rationale and study design of an exploratory project." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 294. 2019. Abstract
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2016
Lopes, Rui Amaral, Adriana Chambel, João Neves, Daniel Aelenei, and João Martins. "A Literature Review of Methodologies Used to Assess the Energy Flexibility of Buildings." Energy Procedia. 91 (2016): 1053-1058. AbstractWebsite

Abstract Due to the introduction of distributed renewable energy technologies with variable resource availability, the need of flexible electrical systems is evident. In general, flexibility is achieved from the supply side and often using carbon intensive energy generators. Therefore, improving the flexibility of the electrical system by taking advantage of renewable energy generation capacities and demand response measures in buildings is of major importance for a sustainable development. Control systems to implement these demand response measures need to quantify the flexibility of the respective buildings. Having this into consideration, this paper aims at presenting a literature review on methodologies to quantify the energy flexibility of buildings.

2015
Aelenei, Daniel, Susana Nogueira, João Viegas, Manuela Cano, and Fábio Cerqueira. "Caracterização experimental das taxas de renovação horária em residências para pessoas idosas." PATORREB 2015. Ed. Vasco Peixoto de Freitas. 978-972-752-177-7. Porto, Portugal: FEUP Edições, 2015. Abstract

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Teixeira, João, Nuno Neuparth, Amalia Botelho, Ana Papoila, Pedro Martins, Paulo Paixão, Iolanda Caires, Daniel Aelenei, João Viegas, Manuela Cano, and Ana Mendes GERIA - Geria Study in Portugal on Health Effects of Air Quality in Elderly Care Centers. Eds. Jo Teixeira, Nuno Neuparth, Am Botelho, Ana Papoila, Pedro Martins, Paix, Iolanda Caires, Daniel Aelenei, Jo Viegas, Manuela Cano, and Ana Mendes. Published by Instituto de Sa: ISPUP - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 2015. AbstractWebsite

As people have become increasingly aware, the age of the European population is rising and the percentage of adults aged 65 years and older is expected to increase. In addition, older people spend about 20 hours per day indoors, and many of them spend essentially their time in elderly care centers (ECC). In this sense, the study of indoor environments and how elder people may be particularly at risk of adverse health effects from pollutants, even at low exposures, due to multiple underlying chronic diseases is becoming an important issue to be addressed by research. Such conditions are highly prevalent, multifactorial, and associated with multiple comorbidities and poor outcomes, such as increased disability and decreased quality of life. The importance of this topic was heightened in 2012 by the World Health Day in 2012 Ageing and health with the theme "Good health adds life to years" and also the ?European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations?. Accordingly, this project is suitable to integrate these initiatives and to ensure greater recognition of what older people bring to society and create more supportive conditions for them. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Portugal to assess effects of indoor air contaminants on health status and quality of life in older persons living in ECC. The aim of GERIA project is to carry out a risk assessment, often difficult for older people, involving the identification of multiple factors potentially affecting health and quality of life, the quantification of human exposure to pollutants, and the evaluation of the individual?s response to these stimuli. The results of this project contribute to the understanding of health effects due to indoor environment variables and to provide health benefits to ECC residents with relatively simple measures.

Viegas, João Carlos, Susana Nogueira, Daniel Aelenei, Hildebrando Cruz, Manuela Cano, and Nuno Neuparth. "Numerical evaluation of ventilation performance in children day care centres." Building Simulation. 8 (2015): 189-209. Abstract

Modelling of ventilation is strongly dependent on the physical characteristics of the building of which precise evaluation is a complex and time consuming task. In the frame of a research project, two children day care centres (CDCC) have been selected in order to measure the envelope air permeability, the flow rate of mechanical ventilation systems and indoor and outdoor temperature. The data obtained was used as input to the computer code CONTAM for ventilation simulations. The results obtained were compared with direct measurements of ventilation flow from short term measurements with CO2 tracer gas and medium term measurements with perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) gas decay method. After validation, in order to analyse the main parameters that affect ventilation, the model was used to predict the ventilation rates for a wide range of conditions. The purpose of this assessment was to find the best practices to improve natural ventilation. A simple analytical method to predict the ventilation flow rate of rooms is also presented. The method is based on the estimation of wind effect on the room through the evaluation of an average factor and on the assessment of relevant cross section of gaps and openings combined in series or in parallel. It is shown that it may be applied with acceptable accuracy for this type of buildings when ventilation is due essentially to wind action.

2014
Cerqueira, Fábio, Susana Azevedo, Daniel Aelenei, and João Viegas. "Assessment of ventilation in elderly care centres." 40th IAHS World Congresso on Housing. Ed. Ant. 978-989-98948-0-7. 2014. Abstract

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Carreiro-Martins, Pedro, João Viegas, Ana Luisa Papoila, Daniel Aelenei, Iolanda Caires, José Araújo-Martins, João Gaspar-Marques, Maria Manuela Cano, Ana Sofia Mendes, Daniel Virella, and others. "CO2 concentration in day care centres is related to wheezing in attending children." European journal of pediatrics. 173 (2014): 1041-1049.
Araujo-Martins, J., Carreiro P. Martins, J. Viegas, D. Aelenei, MM Cano, JP Teixeira, P. Paixão, AL Papoila, P. Leiria-Pinto, C. Pedro, and others. "Environment and Health in Children Day Care Centres (ENVIRH)–Study rationale and protocol." Revista portuguesa de pneumologia. 20 (2014): 311-323. Abstract

Background Indoor air quality (IAQ) is considered an important determinant of human health. The association between exposure to volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, house dust mite, molds and bacteria in day care centers (DCC) is not completely clear. The aim of this project was to study these effects. Methods ? study design This study comprised two phases. Phase I included an evaluation of 45 DCCs (25 from Lisbon and 20 from Oporto, targeting 5161 children). In this phase, building characteristics, indoor CO2 and air temperature/relative humidity, were assessed. A children's respiratory health questionnaire derived from the ISAAC (International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Children) was also distributed. Phase II encompassed two evaluations and included 20 DCCs selected from phase I after a cluster analysis (11 from Lisbon and 9 from Oporto, targeting 2287 children). In this phase, data on ventilation, IAQ, thermal comfort parameters, respiratory and allergic health, airway inflammation biomarkers, respiratory virus infection patterns and parental and child stress were collected. Results In Phase I, building characteristics, occupant behavior and ventilation surrogates were collected from all DCCs. The response rate of the questionnaire was 61.7% (3186 children). Phase II included 1221 children. Association results between DCC characteristics, IAQ and health outcomes will be provided in order to support recommendations on IAQ and children's health. A building ventilation model will also be developed. Discussion This paper outlines methods that might be implemented by other investigators conducting studies on the association between respiratory health and indoor air quality at DCC.

Mendes, Ana, Daniel Aelenei, Ana Luisa Papoila, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, Livia Aguiar, Cristiana Pereira, Paula Neves, Susana Azevedo, Manuela Cano, Carmo Proenca, and others. "Environmental and Ventilation Assessment in Child Day Care Centers in Porto: The Envirh Project." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A. 77 (2014): 931-943. Abstract

Children attending day care centers (CDCC) have been reported to be more prone to infectious diseases when compared with those cared for at home, and are exposed to conditions that may increase the risk of allergies and asthma. Several studies revealed that consequences of poor ventilation conditions include high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and many other indoor pollutants commonly detected in schools. Nine child day care centers were selected randomly to participate in this study. Fifty-two classrooms were assessed for chemical, biological, physical, and allergen parameters in spring and winter seasons in these nine CDCC located in Porto, Portugal. Outdoor measurements were also conducted for comparison. Our results indicated that (i) particulate matter (PM10) median levels were above the national reference levels, both by classroom type and by season; (ii) TVOC kindergarten peak values may raise some concern; (iii) CO2 was present at high median and maximum levels during spring and winter assessment in both nurseries and kindergartens classrooms; (iv) total bacteria concentrations were 57- and 52-fold higher in the nursery and kindergarten than outdoors, respectively, for the spring season; (v) winter and spring median predicted mean vote (PMV) indices were between "neutral" (0) and "slightly cool" (? -1) in the thermal sensation scale for comfort situations (-2 to 2) for both types of classrooms; (vi) there were significant differences for both PMV and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) indices by season; and (vii) CO2, total bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria were associated with low airflow rates. These data will help to evaluate the effectiveness of current building operation practices in child day care centers regarding indoor air quality and respiratory health.

2013
Neuparth, Nuno, Daniel Aelenei, Iolanda Caires, João Teixeira, João Viegas, Manuela Cano, Paula Leiria-Pinto, and Pedro Martins Environment and Health in Children Day Care Centers - Ambiente e Sa. Eds. Nuno Neuparth, Daniel Aelenei, Iolanda Caires, Joao Paulo Teixeira, Jo Viegas, Manuela Cano, Paula Leiria Pinto, and Pedro Martins. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, 2013.Website
Aelenei, L., D. Aelenei, H. Gon, R. Lollini, E. Musall, A. Scognamiglio, E. Cubi, and M. Noguchi. "Design issues for net zero-energy buildings." Open House International. 38 (2013): 7-14. AbstractWebsite

Net Zero-Energy Buildings (NZEBs) have received increased attention in recent years as a result of constant concerns about energy supply constraints, decreasing energy resources, increasing energy costs and the rising impact of greenhouse gases on world climate. Promoting whole building strategies that employ passive measures together with energy efficient systems and technologies using renewable energy became a European political strategy following the publication of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive recast in May 2010 by the European Parliament and Council. However designing successful NZEBs represents a challenge because the definitions are somewhat generic while assessment methods and monitoring approaches remain under development and the literature is relatively scarce about the best sets of solutions for different typologies and climates likely to deliver an actual and reliable performance in terms of energy balance (consumed vs generated) on a cost-effective basis. Additionally the lessons learned from existing NZEB examples are relatively scarce. The authors of this paper, who are participants in the IEA SHC Task 40-ECBCS Annex 52, "Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings", are willing to share insights from on-going research work on some best practice leading NZEB residential buildings. Although there is no standard approach for designing a Net Zero-Energy Building (there are many different possible combinations of passive and efficient active measures, utility equipment and on-site energy generation technologies able to achieve the net-zero energy performance), a close examination of the chosen strategies and the relative performance indicators of the selected case studies reveal that it is possible to achieve zero-energy performance using well known strategies adjusted so as to balance climate drivendemand for space heating/cooling, lighting, ventilation and other energy uses with climate-driven supply from renewable energy resources.

Aelenei, Daniel, Laura Aelenei, Eike Musall, Eduard Cubi, Josef Ayoub, and Ana Belleri. "Design strategies for non-residential zero - energy buildings - Lessons learned from Task 40/Annex 52 ?Towards Net Zero - Energy Solar Buildings?,." CLIMA 2013. 978-80-260-4001-9. 2013. Abstract
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Aelenei, Daniel, Susana Azevedo, João Viegas, Ana Mendes, Ana Luisa Papoila, Manuela Cano, Pedro Martins, and Nuno Neuparth. "Environment and Health in Children Day Care Centres in Portugal - results from phase II on the ventilation characteristics of 16 schools." CLIMA 2013. 978-80-260-4001-9. 2013. Abstract
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2012
Mendes, Ana Sofia, Maria Amalia Botelho, Ana Luisa Papoila, João Viegas, Daniel Aelenei, Paixão, P. Paquete, Iolanda Caires, Susana Azevedo, Pedro Martins, J. Martins, C. Pedro, P. Neves, Nuno Neuparth, and João Teixeira. "Geria Project preliminary study on indoor air quality and health related quality of life in elderly care centers." CISE 2012, Conference. 2012. Abstract

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Cano, Manuela, Susana Nogueira, Ana Luisa Papoila, F. Aguiar, Pedro Martins, J. Marques, Iolanda Caires, J. Martins, C. Pedro, P. Paixão, J. Rosado-Pinto, Paula Leiria-Pinto, Daniel Aelenei, Ana Mendes, João Teixeira, M. C. Proença, and Nuno Neuparth. "Indoor Air Quality in Portuguese Children Day Care Centers ? ENVIRH Project." The Second International Conference on Building Energy and Environment (COBEE). 978-0-9816881-9-0; 0-9816881-9-5. 2012. Abstract

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Viegas, João, Daniel Aelenei, Susana Azevedo, Hildebrando Cruz, and Armando Pinto Santos. "Environment and health in children day care centre analysis and simulation of ventilation." The 10th International Conference on Industrial Ventilation. 2012. Abstract
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2010
Aelenei, Daniel, Laura Aelenei, and Filipe da Costa Santos. "Standard unretrofitted buildings and net-zero energy concept." EUROSUN 2010. 9783901425134. 2010. Abstract
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2008
Malan, AG, JP Meyer, PJ Coelho, and D. Aelenei. "Application of high-order spatial resolution schemes to the hybrid finite volume/finite element method for radiative transfer in participating media." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow. 18 (2008): 173-184. AbstractWebsite

Purpose ? This paper sets out to implement bounded high?order (HO) resolution schemes in a hybrid finite volume/finite element method for the solution of the radiative transfer equation. Design/methodology/approach ? The hybrid finite volume/finite element method had formerly been developed using the step scheme, which is only first?order accurate, for the spatial discretization. Here, several bounded HO resolution schemes, namely the MINMOD, CLAM, MUSCL and SMART schemes, formulated using the normalized variable diagram, were implemented using the deferred correction procedure. Findings ? The results obtained reveal an interaction between spatial and angular discretization errors, and show that the HO resolution schemes yield improved accuracy over the step scheme if the angular discretization error is small. Research limitations/implications ? Although the HO resolution schemes reduce the spatial discretization error, they do not influence the angular discretization error. Therefore, the global error is only reduced if the angular discretization error is also small. Practical implications ? The use of HO resolution schemes is only effective if the angular refinement yields low?angular discretization errors. Moreover, spatial and angular refinement should be carried out simultaneously. Originality/value ? The paper extends a methodology formerly developed in computational fluid dynamics, and aimed at the improvement of the solution accuracy, to the hybrid finite volume/finite element method for the solution of the radiative transfer equation.

2003
Aelenei, Daniel, A. Canha da Piedade, and A. M. Rodrigues. "Analysis of a Ventilated Residential Building by Means of an Air Based Radiative Cooling System." AIVC BETEC 2003 Ventilation - Humidity Control and Energy Conference. 2003. Abstract
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2002
Aelenei, Daniel, A. Canha da Piedade, and A. M. Rodrigues. "A Numerical and Experimental Investigation of a Flat Plate Collector." EPIC 2002-Energy Efficient & Healthy Buildings in Sustainable Cities Proceedings. 2-86834-118-7. 2002. Abstract
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